Bibliographic Information

Sourate 33 - Coran 12-21. Traductions du Coran en Europe, XIIe-XXIe siècles - Sourate s33

Original Source

Witness List

  • Witness caire:
  • Witness hamidullah:
  • Witness blachere:
  • Witness arberry:
  • Witness pickthall:
  • Witness sale:
  • Witness postnikov:
  • Witness marracci:
  • Witness duryer:
  • Witness arrivabene:
  • Witness bibliander:
  • Witness jalalayn:

Electronic Edition Information:

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  • Structuration des données (TEI) Paul Gaillardon, Maud Ingarao (Pôle HN IHRIM)
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Éd. du Caire, 1924Contexte
X
سورة الأحزاب
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
1
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ اتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَلَا تُطِعِ الْكَافِرِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
2
وَاتَّبِعْ مَا يُوحَى إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا
3
وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا
4
مَّا جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِرَجُلٍ مِّن قَلْبَيْنِ فِي جَوْفِهِ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَزْوَاجَكُمُ اللَّائِي تُظَاهِرُونَ مِنْهُنَّ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَاءَكُمْ أَبْنَاءَكُمْ ذَلِكُمْ قَوْلُكُم بِأَفْوَاهِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَقُولُ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ يَهْدِي السَّبِيلَ
5
ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ اللَّهِ فَإِن لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوا آبَاءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ فِيمَا أَخْطَأْتُم بِهِ وَلَكِن مَّا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
6
النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجُهُ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ وَأُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ إِلَّا أَن تَفْعَلُوا إِلَى أَوْلِيَائِكُم مَّعْرُوفًا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي الْكِتَابِ مَسْطُورًا
7
وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِيثَاقَهُمْ وَمِنكَ وَمِن نُّوحٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ وَأَخَذْنَا مِنْهُم مِّيثَاقًا غَلِيظًا
8
لِّيَسْأَلَ الصَّادِقِينَ عَن صِدْقِهِمْ وَأَعَدَّ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
9
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ جَاءَتْكُمْ جُنُودٌ فَأَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ رِيحًا وَجُنُودًا لَّمْ تَرَوْهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرًا
10
إِذْ جَاءُوكُم مِّن فَوْقِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنكُمْ وَإِذْ زَاغَتِ الْأَبْصَارُ وَبَلَغَتِ الْقُلُوبُ الْحَنَاجِرَ وَتَظُنُّونَ بِاللَّهِ الظُّنُونَا
11
هُنَالِكَ ابْتُلِيَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَزُلْزِلُوا زِلْزَالًا شَدِيدًا
12
وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ مَّا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا
13
وَإِذْ قَالَت طَّائِفَةٌ مِّنْهُمْ يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا وَيَسْتَأْذِنُ فَرِيقٌ مِّنْهُمُ النَّبِيَّ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ إِن يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارًا
14
وَلَوْ دُخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِم مِّنْ أَقْطَارِهَا ثُمَّ سُئِلُوا الْفِتْنَةَ لَآتَوْهَا وَمَا تَلَبَّثُوا بِهَا إِلَّا يَسِيرًا
15
وَلَقَدْ كَانُوا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ مِن قَبْلُ لَا يُوَلُّونَ الْأَدْبَارَ وَكَانَ عَهْدُ اللَّهِ مَسْئُولًا
16
قُل لَّن يَنفَعَكُمُ الْفِرَارُ إِن فَرَرْتُم مِّنَ الْمَوْتِ أَوِ الْقَتْلِ وَإِذًا لَّا تُمَتَّعُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
17
قُلْ مَن ذَا الَّذِي يَعْصِمُكُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ إِنْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ سُوءًا أَوْ أَرَادَ بِكُمْ رَحْمَةً وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا
18
قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ الْمُعَوِّقِينَ مِنكُمْ وَالْقَائِلِينَ لِإِخْوَانِهِمْ هَلُمَّ إِلَيْنَا وَلَا يَأْتُونَ الْبَأْسَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
19
أَشِحَّةً عَلَيْكُمْ فَإِذَا جَاءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدُورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِي يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ أَشِحَّةً عَلَى الْخَيْرِ أُولَئِكَ لَمْ يُؤْمِنُوا فَأَحْبَطَ اللَّهُ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا
20
يَحْسَبُونَ الْأَحْزَابَ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا وَإِن يَأْتِ الْأَحْزَابُ يَوَدُّوا لَوْ أَنَّهُم بَادُونَ فِي الْأَعْرَابِ يَسْأَلُونَ عَنْ أَنبَائِكُمْ وَلَوْ كَانُوا فِيكُم مَّا قَاتَلُوا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
21
لَّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ وَذَكَرَ اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا
22
وَلَمَّا رَأَى الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الْأَحْزَابَ قَالُوا هَذَا مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَصَدَقَ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَمَا زَادَهُمْ إِلَّا إِيمَانًا وَتَسْلِيمًا
23
مِّنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ فَمِنْهُم مَّن قَضَى نَحْبَهُ وَمِنْهُم مَّن يَنتَظِرُ وَمَا بَدَّلُوا تَبْدِيلًا
24
لِّيَجْزِيَ اللَّهُ الصَّادِقِينَ بِصِدْقِهِمْ وَيُعَذِّبَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِن شَاءَ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
25
وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِغَيْظِهِمْ لَمْ يَنَالُوا خَيْرًا وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا
26
وَأَنزَلَ الَّذِينَ ظَاهَرُوهُم مِّنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِن صَيَاصِيهِمْ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ فَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ وَتَأْسِرُونَ فَرِيقًا
27
وَأَوْرَثَكُمْ أَرْضَهُمْ وَدِيَارَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ وَأَرْضًا لَّمْ تَطَئُوهَا وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرًا
28
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُل لِّأَزْوَاجِكَ إِن كُنتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا
29
وَإِن كُنتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَعَدَّ لِلْمُحْسِنَاتِ مِنكُنَّ أَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
30
يَا نِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ مَن يَأْتِ مِنكُنَّ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُّبَيِّنَةٍ يُضَاعَفْ لَهَا الْعَذَابُ ضِعْفَيْنِ وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ يَسِيرًا
31
وَمَن يَقْنُتْ مِنكُنَّ لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَتَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا نُّؤْتِهَا أَجْرَهَا مَرَّتَيْنِ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لَهَا رِزْقًا كَرِيمًا
32
يَا نِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ لَسْتُنَّ كَأَحَدٍ مِّنَ النِّسَاءِ إِنِ اتَّقَيْتُنَّ فَلَا تَخْضَعْنَ بِالْقَوْلِ فَيَطْمَعَ الَّذِي فِي قَلْبِهِ مَرَضٌ وَقُلْنَ قَوْلًا مَّعْرُوفًا
33
وَقَرْنَ فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ وَلَا تَبَرَّجْنَ تَبَرُّجَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْأُولَى وَأَقِمْنَ الصَّلَاةَ وَآتِينَ الزَّكَاةَ وَأَطِعْنَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا
34
وَاذْكُرْنَ مَا يُتْلَى فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ لَطِيفًا خَبِيرًا
35
إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْقَانِتِينَ وَالْقَانِتَاتِ وَالصَّادِقِينَ وَالصَّادِقَاتِ وَالصَّابِرِينَ وَالصَّابِرَاتِ وَالْخَاشِعِينَ وَالْخَاشِعَاتِ وَالْمُتَصَدِّقِينَ وَالْمُتَصَدِّقَاتِ وَالصَّائِمِينَ وَالصَّائِمَاتِ وَالْحَافِظِينَ فُرُوجَهُمْ وَالْحَافِظَاتِ وَالذَّاكِرِينَ اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا وَالذَّاكِرَاتِ أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةً وَأَجْرًا عَظِيمًا
36
وَمَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَمْرًا أَن يَكُونَ لَهُمُ الْخِيَرَةُ مِنْ أَمْرِهِمْ وَمَن يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا مُّبِينًا
37
وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَاهُ فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِّنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا لِكَيْ لَا يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَائِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرًا وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا
38
مَّا كَانَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ فِيمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُ سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلُ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا مَّقْدُورًا
39
الَّذِينَ يُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَالَاتِ اللَّهِ وَيَخْشَوْنَهُ وَلَا يَخْشَوْنَ أَحَدًا إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا
40
مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ وَلَكِن رَّسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا
41
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ذِكْرًا كَثِيرًا
42
وَسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا
43
هُوَ الَّذِي يُصَلِّي عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَلَائِكَتُهُ لِيُخْرِجَكُم مِّنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ وَكَانَ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ رَحِيمًا
44
تَحِيَّتُهُمْ يَوْمَ يَلْقَوْنَهُ سَلَامٌ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا كَرِيمًا
45
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ شَاهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا
46
وَدَاعِيًا إِلَى اللَّهِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَسِرَاجًا مُّنِيرًا
47
وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُم مِّنَ اللَّهِ فَضْلًا كَبِيرًا
48
وَلَا تُطِعِ الْكَافِرِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَدَعْ أَذَاهُمْ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا
49
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِن قَبْلِ أَن تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا
50
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَحْلَلْنَا لَكَ أَزْوَاجَكَ اللَّاتِي آتَيْتَ أُجُورَهُنَّ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمِّكَ وَبَنَاتِ عَمَّاتِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالِكَ وَبَنَاتِ خَالَاتِكَ اللَّاتِي هَاجَرْنَ مَعَكَ وَامْرَأَةً مُّؤْمِنَةً إِن وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ إِنْ أَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ أَن يَسْتَنكِحَهَا خَالِصَةً لَّكَ مِن دُونِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُمْ لِكَيْلَا يَكُونَ عَلَيْكَ حَرَجٌ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
51
تُرْجِي مَن تَشَاءُ مِنْهُنَّ وَتُؤْوِي إِلَيْكَ مَن تَشَاءُ وَمَنِ ابْتَغَيْتَ مِمَّنْ عَزَلْتَ فَلَا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكَ ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَن تَقَرَّ أَعْيُنُهُنَّ وَلَا يَحْزَنَّ وَيَرْضَيْنَ بِمَا آتَيْتَهُنَّ كُلُّهُنَّ وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ مَا فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَلِيمًا
52
لَّا يَحِلُّ لَكَ النِّسَاءُ مِن بَعْدُ وَلَا أَن تَبَدَّلَ بِهِنَّ مِنْ أَزْوَاجٍ وَلَوْ أَعْجَبَكَ حُسْنُهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ يَمِينُكَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ رَّقِيبًا
53
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَن يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ إِلَى طَعَامٍ غَيْرَ نَاظِرِينَ إِنَاهُ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا دُعِيتُمْ فَادْخُلُوا فَإِذَا طَعِمْتُمْ فَانتَشِرُوا وَلَا مُسْتَأْنِسِينَ لِحَدِيثٍ إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ يُؤْذِي النَّبِيَّ فَيَسْتَحْيِي مِنكُمْ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ وَإِذَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُنَّ مَتَاعًا فَاسْأَلُوهُنَّ مِن وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ ذَلِكُمْ أَطْهَرُ لِقُلُوبِكُمْ وَقُلُوبِهِنَّ وَمَا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَن تُؤْذُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَن تَنكِحُوا أَزْوَاجَهُ مِن بَعْدِهِ أَبَدًا إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ عِندَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمًا
54
إِن تُبْدُوا شَيْئًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا
55
لَّا جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِنَّ فِي آبَائِهِنَّ وَلَا أَبْنَائِهِنَّ وَلَا إِخْوَانِهِنَّ وَلَا أَبْنَاءِ إِخْوَانِهِنَّ وَلَا أَبْنَاءِ أَخَوَاتِهِنَّ وَلَا نِسَائِهِنَّ وَلَا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ وَاتَّقِينَ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ شَهِيدًا
56
إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلَائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا
57
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا
58
وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ بِغَيْرِ مَا اكْتَسَبُوا فَقَدِ احْتَمَلُوا بُهْتَانًا وَإِثْمًا مُّبِينًا
59
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُل لِّأَزْوَاجِكَ وَبَنَاتِكَ وَنِسَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُدْنِينَ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِن جَلَابِيبِهِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَن يُعْرَفْنَ فَلَا يُؤْذَيْنَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
60
لَّئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ وَالْمُرْجِفُونَ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ لَنُغْرِيَنَّكَ بِهِمْ ثُمَّ لَا يُجَاوِرُونَكَ فِيهَا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا
61
مَّلْعُونِينَ أَيْنَمَا ثُقِفُوا أُخِذُوا وَقُتِّلُوا تَقْتِيلًا
62
سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَبْدِيلًا
63
يَسْأَلُكَ النَّاسُ عَنِ السَّاعَةِ قُلْ إِنَّمَا عِلْمُهَا عِندَ اللَّهِ وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ لَعَلَّ السَّاعَةَ تَكُونُ قَرِيبًا
64
إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَنَ الْكَافِرِينَ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ سَعِيرًا
65
خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا أَبَدًا لَّا يَجِدُونَ وَلِيًّا وَلَا نَصِيرًا
66
يَوْمَ تُقَلَّبُ وُجُوهُهُمْ فِي النَّارِ يَقُولُونَ يَا لَيْتَنَا أَطَعْنَا اللَّهَ وَأَطَعْنَا الرَّسُولَا
67
وَقَالُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّا أَطَعْنَا سَادَتَنَا وَكُبَرَاءَنَا فَأَضَلُّونَا السَّبِيلَا
68
رَبَّنَا آتِهِمْ ضِعْفَيْنِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَالْعَنْهُمْ لَعْنًا كَبِيرًا
69
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ آذَوْا مُوسَى فَبَرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ مِمَّا قَالُوا وَكَانَ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَجِيهًا
70
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا
71
يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا
72
إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الْأَمَانَةَ عَلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَن يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الْإِنسَانُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ ظَلُومًا جَهُولًا
73
لِّيُعَذِّبَ اللَّهُ الْمُنَافِقِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقَاتِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ وَالْمُشْرِكَاتِ وَيَتُوبَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا
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Hamidullah révisée, 2000Contexte
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Les coalisés (Al-Ahzab)
1
O Prophète ! Crains Allah et n’obéis pas aux infidèles et aux hypocrites, car Allah demeure Omniscient et Sage.
2
Et suis ce qui t’est révélé émanant de Ton Seigneur. Car Allah est Parfaitement Connaisseur de ce que vous faites.
3
Et place ta confiance en Allah. Allah te suffit comme protecteur.
4
Allah n’a pas placé à l’homme deux cœurs dans sa poitrine. Il n’a point assimilé à vos mères vos épouses [à qui vous dites en les répudiant]: « Tu es [aussi illicite] pour moi que le dos de ma mère ». Il n’a point fait de vos enfants adoptifs vos propres enfants. Ce sont des propos [qui sortent] de votre bouche. Mais Allah dit la vérité et c’est Lui qui met [l’homme] dans la bonne direction.
5
Appelez-les du nom de leurs pères : c’est plus équitable devant Allah. Mais si vous ne connaissez pas leurs pères, alors considérez-les comme vos frères en religion ou vos alliés. Nul blâme sur vous pour ce que vous faites par erreur, mais (vous serez blâmés pour) ce que vos cœurs font délibérément. Allah, cependant, est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
6
Le Prophète a plus de droit sur les croyants qu’ils n’en ont sur eux-mêmes ; et ses épouses sont leurs mères. Les liens de consanguinité ont [dans les successions] la priorité [sur les liens] unissant les croyants [de Médine] et les émigrés [de la Mecque] selon le livre d’Allah, à moins que vous ne fassiez un testament convenable en faveur de vos frères en religion. Et cela est inscrit dans le Livre.
7
Lorsque Nous prîmes des prophètes leur engagement, de même que de toi, de Noé, d’Abraham, de Moïse, et de Jésus fils de Marie : et Nous avons pris d’eux un engagement solennel,
8
afin [qu’Allah] interroge les véridiques sur leur sincérité. Et Il a préparé aux infidèles un châtiment douloureux.
9
O vous qui croyez ! Rappelez-vous le bienfait d’Allah sur vous, quand des troupes vous sont venues et que Nous avons envoyé contre elles un vent et des troupes que vous n’avez pas vues. Allah demeure Clairvoyant sur ce que vous faites.
10
Quand ils vous vinrent d’en haut et d’en bas [de toutes parts], et que les regards étaient troublés, et les cœurs remontaient aux gorges, et vous faisiez sur Allah toutes sortes de suppositions...
11
Les croyants furent alors éprouvés et secoués d’une dure secousse.
12
Et quand les hypocrites et ceux qui ont la maladie [le doute] au cœur disaient : « Allah et Son messager ne nous ont promis que tromperie ».
13
De même, un groupe d’entre eux dit : « Gens de Yathrib ! Ne demeurez pas ici. Retournez [chez vous] ». Un groupe d’entre eux demande au Prophète la permission de partir en disant : « Nos demeures sont sans protection », alors qu’elles ne l’étaient pas : ils ne voulaient que s’enfuir.
14
Et si une percée avait été faite sur eux par les flancs de la ville et qu’ensuite on leur avait demandé de renier leur foi, ils auraient accepté certes, et n’auraient guère tardé,
15
tandis qu’auparavant ils avaient pris l’engagement envers Allah qu’ils ne tourneraient pas le dos. Et il sera demandé compte de tout engagement vis-à-vis d’Allah.
16
Dis : « Jamais la fuite ne vous sera utile si c’est la mort (sans combat) ou le meurtre (dans le combat) que vous fuyez ; dans ce cas, vous ne jouirez (de la vie) que peu (de temps) ».
17
Dis : « Quel est celui qui peut vous protéger d’Allah, s’Il vous veut du mal ou s’Il veut vous accorder une miséricorde ? » Et ils ne trouveront pour eux-mêmes en dehors d’Allah, ni allié ni secoureur.
18
Certes, Allah connaît ceux d’entre vous qui suscitent des obstacles, ainsi que ceux qui disent à leurs frères : « Venez à nous », tandis qu’ils ne déploient que peu d’ardeur au combat,
19
avares à votre égard. Puis, quand leur vient la peur, tu les vois te regarder avec des yeux révulsés, comme ceux de quelqu’un qui s’est évanoui par peur de la mort. Une fois la peur passée, ils vous lacèrent avec des langues affilées, alors qu’ils sont chiches à faire le bien. Ceux-là n’ont jamais cru. Allah donc, rend vaines leurs actions. Et cela est facile à Allah.
20
Ils pensent que les coalisés ne sont pas partis. Or si les coalisés revenaient, [ces gens-là] souhaiteraient être des nomades parmi les Bédouins et [se contenteraient] de demander de vos nouvelles. S’ils étaient parmi vous, ils n’auraient combattu que très peu.
21
En effet, vous avez dans le Messager d’Allah un excellent modèle [à suivre], pour quiconque espère en Allah et au Jour dernier et invoque Allah fréquemment.
22
Et quand les croyants virent les coalisés, ils dirent : « Voilà ce qu’Allah et Son messager nous avaient promis ; et Allah et Son messager disaient la vérité ». Et cela ne fit que croître leur foi et leur soumission.
23
Il est, parmi les croyants, des hommes qui ont été sincères dans leur engagement envers Allah. Certains d’entre eux ont atteint leur fin, et d’autres attendent encore ; et ils n’ont varié aucunement (dans leur engagement) ;
24
afin qu’Allah récompense les véridiques pour leur sincérité, et châtie, s’Il veut, les hypocrites, ou accepte leur repentir. Car Allah est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
25
Et Allah a renvoyé, avec leur rage, les infidèles sans qu’ils n’aient obtenu aucun bien, et Allah a épargné aux croyants le combat. Allah est Fort et Puissant.
26
Et Il a fait descendre de leurs forteresses ceux des gens du Livre qui les avaient soutenus [les coalisés], et Il a jeté l’effroi dans leurs cœurs ; un groupe d’entre eux vous tuiez, et un groupe vous faisiez prisonniers.
27
Et Il vous a fait hériter leur terre, leurs demeures, leurs biens, et aussi une terre que vous n’aviez point foulée. Et Allah est Omnipotent.
28
O Prophète ! Dis à tes épouses : « Si c’est la vie présente que vous désirez et sa parure, alors venez ! Je vous donnerai [les moyens] d’en jouir et vous libérerai [par un divorce] sans préjudice.
29
Mais si c’est Allah que vous voulez et Son messager ainsi que la Demeure dernière, Allah a préparé pour les bienfaisantes parmi vous une énorme récompense.
30
O femmes du Prophète ! Celle d’entre vous qui commettra une turpitude prouvée, le châtiment lui sera doublé par deux fois ! Et ceci est facile pour Allah.
31
Et celle d’entre vous qui est entièrement soumise à Allah et à Son messager et qui fait le bien, Nous lui accorderons deux fois sa récompense, et Nous avons préparé pour elle une généreuse attribution.
32
O femmes du Prophète ! Vous n’êtes comparables à aucune autre femme. Si vous êtes pieuses, ne soyez pas trop complaisantes dans votre langage, afin que celui dont le cœur est malade [l’hypocrite] ne vous convoite pas. Et tenez un langage décent.
33
Restez dans vos foyers ; et ne vous exhibez pas à la manière des femmes d’avant l’Islam (Jâhiliyah). Accomplissez la Salât, acquittez la Zakât et obéissez à Allah et à Son messager. Allah ne veut que vous débarrasser de toute souillure, ô gens de la maison [du prophète], et veut vous purifier pleinement.
34
Et gardez dans vos mémoires ce qui, dans vos foyers, est récité des versets d’Allah et de la sagesse. Allah est Doux et Parfaitement Connaisseur.
35
Les Musulmans et Musulmanes, croyants et croyantes, obéissants et obéissantes, loyaux et loyales, endurants et endurantes, craignants et craignantes, donneurs et donneuses d’aumône, jeûnants et jeûnantes, gardiens de leur chasteté et gardiennes, invocateurs souvent d’Allah et invocatrices : Allah a préparé pour eux un pardon et une énorme récompense.
36
Il n’appartient pas à un croyant ou à une croyante, une fois qu’Allah et Son messager ont décidé d’une chose d’avoir encore le choix dans leur façon d’agir. Et quiconque désobéit à Allah et à Son messager, s’est égaré certes, d’un égarement évident.
37
Quand tu disais à celui qu’Allah avait comblé de bienfait, tout comme toi-même l’avais comblé: « Garde pour toi ton épouse et crains Allah », et tu cachais en ton âme ce qu’Allah allait rendre public. Tu craignais les gens, et c’est Allah qui est plus digne de ta crainte. Puis quand Zayd eut cessé toute relation avec elle, Nous te la fîmes épouser, afin qu’il n’y ait aucun empêchement pour les croyants d’épouser les femmes de leurs fils adoptifs, quand ceux-ci cessent toute relation avec elles. Le commandement d’Allah doit être exécuté.
38
Nul grief à faire au Prophète en ce qu’Allah lui a imposé, conformément aux lois établies pour ceux qui vécurent antérieurement. Le commandement d’Allah est un décret inéluctable.
39
Ceux qui communiquaient les messages d’Allah, Le craignaient et ne redoutaient nul autre qu’Allah. Et Allah suffit pour tenir le compte de tout.
40
Muhammad n’a jamais été le père de l’un de vos hommes, mais le messager d’Allah et le dernier des prophètes. Allah est Omniscient.
41
O vous qui croyez ! Evoquez Allah d’une façon abondante,
42
et glorifiez-Le à la pointe et au déclin du jour.
43
C’est lui qui prie sur vous, - ainsi que Ses Anges -, afin qu’Il vous fasse sortir des ténèbres à la lumière ; et Il est Miséricordieux envers les croyants.
44
Leur salutation au jour où ils Le rencontreront sera : « Salâm » [paix], et Il leur a préparé une généreuse récompense.
45
O Prophète ! Nous t’avons envoyé [pour être] témoin, annonciateur, avertisseur,
46
appelant (les gens) à Allah, par Sa permission ; et comme une lampe éclairante.
47
Et fais aux croyants la bonne annonce qu’ils recevront d’Allah une grande grâce.
48
Et n’obéis pas aux infidèles et aux hypocrites, ne prête pas attention à leur méchanceté et place ta confiance en Allah et Allah suffit comme protecteur.
49
O vous qui croyez ! Quand vous vous mariez avec des croyantes et qu’ensuite vous divorcez d’avec elles avant de les avoir touchées, vous ne pouvez leur imposer un délai d’attente. Donnez-leur jouissance [d’un bien] et libérez-les [par un divorce] sans préjudice.
50
O Prophète ! Nous t’avons rendu licites tes épouses à qui tu as donné leur mahr (dot), ce que tu as possédé légalement parmi les captives [ou esclaves] qu’Allah t’a destinées, les filles de ton oncle paternel, les filles de tes tantes paternelles, les filles de ton oncle maternel, et les filles de tes tantes maternelles, - celles qui avaient émigré en ta compagnie -, ainsi que toute femme croyante si elle fait don de sa personne au Prophète, pourvu que le Prophète consente à se marier avec elle : c’est là un privilège pour toi, à l’exclusion des autres croyants. Nous savons certes, ce que Nous leur avons imposé au sujet de leurs épouses et des esclaves qu’ils possèdent, afin qu’il n’y eût donc point de blâme contre toi. Allah est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
51
Tu fais attendre qui tu veux d’entre elles, et tu héberges chez toi qui tu veux. Puis il ne t’est fait aucun grief si tu invites chez toi l’une de celles que tu avais écartées. Voilà ce qui est le plus propre à les réjouir, à leur éviter tout chagrin et à leur faire accepter de bon cœur ce que tu leur as donné à toutes. Allah sait, cependant, ce qui est en vos cœurs. Et Allah est Omniscient et Indulgent.
52
Il ne t’est plus permis désormais de prendre [d’autres] femmes, ni de changer d’épouses, même si leur beauté te plaît ; - à l’exception des esclaves que tu possèdes. Et Allah observe toute chose.
53
O vous qui croyez ! N’entrez pas dans les demeures du Prophète, à moins qu’invitation ne vous soit faite à un repas, sans être là à attendre sa cuisson. Mais lorsqu’on vous appelle, alors, entrez. Puis, quand vous aurez mangé, dispersez-vous, sans chercher à vous rendre familiers pour causer. Cela faisait de la peine au Prophète, mais il se gênait de vous (congédier), alors qu’Allah ne se gêne pas de la vérité. Et si vous leur demandez (à ses femmes) quelque objet, demandez-le leur derrière un rideau : c’est plus pur pour vos cœurs et leurs cœurs ; vous ne devez pas faire de la peine au Messager d’Allah, ni jamais vous marier avec ses épouses après lui ; ce serait, auprès d’Allah, un énorme péché.
54
Que vous divulguiez une chose ou que vous la cachiez,... Allah demeure Omniscient.
55
Nul grief sur elles au sujet de leurs pères, leurs fils, leurs frères, les fils de leurs frères, les fils de leurs sœurs, leurs femmes [de suite] et les esclaves qu’elles possèdent. Et craignez Allah. Car Allah est témoin de toute chose.
56
Certes, Allah et Ses Anges prient sur le Prophète ; ô vous qui croyez priez sur lui et adressez [lui] vos salutations.
57
Ceux qui offensent Allah et Son messager, Allah les maudit ici-bas, comme dans l’au-delà et leur prépare un châtiment avilissant.
58
Et ceux qui offensent les croyants et les croyantes sans qu’ils l’aient mérité, se chargent d’une calomnie et d’un péché évident.
59
O Prophète ! Dis à tes épouses, à tes filles, et aux femmes des croyants, de ramener sur elles leurs grands voiles : elles en seront plus vite reconnues et éviteront d’être offensées. Allah est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
60
Certes, si les hypocrites, ceux qui ont la maladie au cœur, et les alarmistes [semeurs de troubles] à Médine ne cessent pas, Nous t’inciterons contre eux, et alors, ils n’y resteront que peu de temps en ton voisinage.
61
Ce sont des maudits. Où qu’on les trouve, ils seront pris et tués impitoyablement :
62
Telle était la loi établie par Allah envers ceux qui ont vécu auparavant et tu ne trouveras pas de changement dans la loi d’Allah.
63
Les gens t’interrogent au sujet de l’Heure. Dis : « Sa connaissance est exclusive à Allah ». Qu’en sais-tu ? Il se peut que l’Heure soit proche.
64
Allah a maudit les infidèles et leur a préparé une fournaise,
65
pour qu’ils y demeurent éternellement, sans trouver ni allié ni secoureur.
66
Le jour où leurs visages seront tournés et retournés dans le Feu, ils diront : « Hélas pour nous ! Si seulement nous avions obéi à Allah et obéi au Messager ! »
67
Et ils dirent : « Seigneur, nous avons obéi à nos chefs et à nos grands. C’est donc eux qui nous ont égarés du Sentier.
68
O notre Seigneur, inflige-leur deux fois le châtiment et maudis les d’une grande malédiction ».
69
O vous qui croyez ! Ne soyez pas comme ceux qui ont offensé Moïse. Allah l’a déclaré innocent de leurs accusations, car il était honorable auprès d’Allah.
70
O vous qui croyez ! Craignez Allah et parlez avec droiture,
71
afin qu’Il améliore vos actions et vous pardonne vos péchés. Quiconque obéit à Allah et à Son messager obtient certes une grande réussite.
72
Nous avions proposé aux cieux, à la terre et aux montagnes la responsabilité (de porter les charges de faire le bien et d’éviter le mal). Ils ont refusé de la porter et en ont eu peur, alors que l’homme s’en est chargé ; car il est très injuste [envers lui-même] et très ignorant.
73
[Il en est ainsi] afin qu’Allah châtie les hypocrites, hommes et femmes, et les associateurs et les associatrices et Allah accueille le repentir des croyants et des croyantes. Allah est Pardonneur et Miséricordieux.
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Blachère, 1957Contexte
X
Sourate XXXIII.
Les Factions.
(Al-’Aḥzâb.)
Propos liminaire du traducteur
Titre tiré du vt. 20. V. la note.
Cette sourate est formée de révélations reçues à Médine, à partir du printemps de 627 et durant les mois suivants. On peut toutefois y relever des reprises de révélations plus anciennes. Les textes se groupent autour de trois idées principales : la lutte contre les Hypocrites, la Campagne du Fossé, la solution de problèmes relatifs au harem de Mahomet.
Au nom d’Allah, le Bienfaiteur miséricordieux.
[Contre les Hypocrites. Dispositions visant les membres de la Communauté.]
1
O Prophète !, sois pieux envers Allah et n’obéis ni aux Incrédules ni aux Hypocrites ! Allah est omniscient et sage.
Note [édition originale] : Aux Incrédules = aux Juifs médinois. Autre sens moins satisfaisant : Aux Infidèles = aux Polythéistes mekkois.
    2
    Suis ce qui, de ton Seigneur, t’est révélé ! Allah, de ce que vous faites, est bien informé.
    3
    Appuie-toi sur Allah ! Combien Allah suffit comme protecteur (wakîl) !
    4
    Allah n’a pas mis à [l’]homme deux cœurs en son sein. De vos épouses que vous répudiez par la formule : « Sois pour moi comme le dos de ma mère ! », [Allah] n’a point fait vos mères. De vos enfants adoptifs, Il n’a point fait vos fils. Ce sont là vos dires [proférés] de votre bouche, [, mais ils sont faux]. Allah dit [seul] la Vérité et Il dirige dans le Chemin.
    Note [édition originale] : De vos épouses etc. Bay., Razi et Nas. comprennent que la qualité de mère et celle d’épouse sont sans aucun rapport. Sur la formule, v. sourate LVIII, 2.
      5
      Appelez [ces enfants adoptifs] du nom de leur père : cela sera plus équitable aux yeux d’Allah. Si vous ne connaissez point leurs pères,
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      [prenez le nom] de vos frères en religion ou de vos mawâlî. Il n’est contre vous nul grief pour ce que vous faites par erreur, mais [seulement] pour ce que préméditent vos cœurs. Allah est absoluteur et miséricordieux.
      Note [édition originale] : Vos mawâlî. Le terme est ambigu et peut signifier : vos proches ou vos clients.
        6
        Le Prophète est plus lié aux Croyants qu’ils ne le sont à eux-mêmes. Ses épouses sont leurs mères [et il est un père pour eux]. Ceux unis par la consanguinité sont mutuellement plus liés entre eux, dans l’Écriture d’Allah, que ne le sont les Croyants [médinois] et les Émigrés. A moins toutefois que vous fassiez envers vos affiliés ce qui est reconnu [convenable] : cela est tracé dans l’Écriture.
        Note [édition originale] : Dans l’Écriture d’Allah = dans ce que stipule la Révélation coranique. Selon les commt., cette phrase viserait les héritages dont la dévolution doit se faire en fonction de la parenté et non point en tenant compte de la confraternisation entre Émigrés et Auxiliaires établie lors de l’arrivée à Médine. ǁ ’awliyâ’ « affiliés ». Le terme est imprécis mais semble désigner tous ceux qui sont intégrés à la famille par un lien autre que la parenté, donc : les clients et les enfants adoptifs.
          [Rôle d’Allah dans l’Échec des Factions, lors de la Campagne du Fossé. Condamnation de l’attitude des Hypocrites. Extermination des Qoraiza.]
          7
          Et [rappelle-toi, Prophète !,] quand Nous fîmes alliance avec les Prophètes, avec Noé, Abraham, Moïse, Jésus fils de Marie et avec toi, [et quand] Nous fîmes, avec eux, une alliance solennelle,
          8
          pour qu’Il demande compte aux Véridiques de leur croyance (ṣidq) alors qu’Il a préparé aux Infidèles un tourment cruel.
          9
          O vous qui croyez !, rappelez-vous le bienfait d’Allah envers vous, quand des armées marchèrent contre vous et que Nous envoyâmes contre eux vent et légions [d’Archanges] invisibles pour vous ! Allah, sur ce que [ces ennemis] faisaient, fut clairvoyant,
          10
          quand ils marchèrent contre vous, de toutes parts, quand vos regards se détournèrent [de terreur], que vos cœurs remontèrent à votre gorge et que vous en vîntes à suspecter Allah.
          Note [édition originale] : De toutes parts. Text. : d’au-dessus et d’au-dessous de vous. ǁ Et que vous en vîntes etc. Text. : et que vous conjecturâtes sur Allah des conjectures.
            11
            En cette circonstance, les Croyants furent éprouvés et violemment ébranlés.
            12

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            [Rappelez-vous] quand les Hypocrites et ceux au cœur de qui est un mal s’écrièrent : « Allah et Son Apôtre ne nous ont fait promesse que par tromperie ! »
            13
            [Rappelez-vous] quand un parti d’entre eux [vous] dit : « O gens de Yathrib !, ne restez point ! retournez-vous-en ! » [Rappelez-vous] quand une fraction d’entre eux demanda la permission au Prophète de se retirer, en disant : « Nos demeures sont sans défense ! » Elles n’étaient point sans défense ! ils voulaient seulement fuir.
            Note [édition originale] : Yathrib. Nom primitif de Médine. Ce passage montre qu’en 627 l’appellation al-Madîna (français : Médine) n’a pas encore évincé le nom Yathrib.
              14
              Si Yathrib avait été forcée et [si], ensuite, on leur avait réclamé le reniement de leur foi (fitna), ils l’eussent accordé, mais ne seraient demeurés que peu de temps, dans [Yathrib].
              Note [édition originale] : Si Yathrib avait été forcée. Text. : si l’on avait pénétré par ses parages,
                15
                Ils avaient certes fait pacte antérieurement, avec Allah, de ne point tourner le dos. Or, du pacte [conclu] avec Allah, il sera demandé compte.
                16
                Dis[-leur donc] : « Fuir ne vous sera pas utile. Si vous fuyez la mort ou le combat, vous ne jouirez [de la vie] que peu [de temps]. »
                17
                Dis[-leur encore] : « Qui peut vous mettre hors de portée d’Allah, soit qu’Il vous veuille un mal, soit qu’Il vous veuille une grâce ? » Ils ne se trouveront, en dehors d’Allah, ni patron ni auxiliaire.
                18
                Allah saura reconnaître ceux qui suscitent des obstacles, parmi vous [, Croyants !,] et ceux qui disent à leurs frères : « Venez à nous ! » et qui ne déploient que peu d’ardeur [pour Notre cause],
                19
                en étant chiches envers vous. Quand vient le danger, tu vois ces gens te regarder, les yeux révulsés [d’effroi], comme celui que la mort assaille. [Mais] lorsque le péril est parti, ils vous ardent de leurs langues acérées, chiches à [vouloir le] bien. Ceux-là ne croient point ; Allah rendra vaines leurs actions et cela, pour Allah, est aisé.
                20
                A [Ces gens] comptent que les Factions ne sont pas parties (sic) et si les Factions viennent, ils aimeraient à se retirer au désert, parmi les Bédouins ; B [Ces gens] comptent que les Factions sont parties et, quand ils
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                trouvent que ces Factions ne sont pas parties, ils aimeraient à se retirer au désert, parmi les Bédouins ;
                ils interrogeraient alors sur ce qui vous arrive. S’ils avaient été parmi vous, ils n’auraient combattu que peu.
                Note [édition originale] : La version A est celle de la Vulgate ; la présence de la négation dans : ne sont pas parties rend le sens incertain. La version B est attribuée à I. Mas‛ûd. Le sens paraît être : Ces gens suspects sont des lâches qui s’effraient des conséquences de l’attaque des Factions et qui voudraient fuir au désert pour échapper à ces conséquences. ǁ al-’Aḥzâb « les Factions » = la coalition formée des Polythéistes mekkois, des tribus du Nejd et des Juifs Qurayza de Médine.
                  21
                  [Croyants !,] vous avez, dans l’Apôtre d’Allah, un bel exemple pour quiconque espère [en] Allah et au Dernier Jour et invoque (ḏakara) Allah fréquemment.
                  22
                  Quand les Croyants virent les Factions, ils s’écrièrent : « Voilà ce dont nous ont menacés Allah et Son Apôtre. Allah et Son Apôtre ont été véridiques ! » [Mais] cela n’a fait qu’accroître leur foi et leur soumission.
                  23
                  Parmi les Croyants, il est des hommes qui furent fidèles au pacte conclu par eux avec Allah. Parmi eux, il en est dont le destin s’est accompli alors que, parmi eux, il en est qui sont dans l’attente, invariables en leur attitude.
                  Note [édition originale] : Dont le destin s’est accompli = qui sont tombés en combattant. ǁ Invariables en leur attitude. Text. : ils n’ont pas changé un changement.
                    24
                    [Cela s’est produit] afin qu’Allah récompense les Véridiques, de leur foi (ṣidq), alors qu’Il tourmente les Hypocrites, s’Il [le] veut, ou qu’Il revient [de Sa rigueur] contre eux. Allah est absoluteur et miséricordieux.
                    25
                    Allah a renvoyé les Infidèles, pleins de leur courroux, sans qu’ils aient obtenu un succès. Allah a épargné aux Croyants de combattre. Allah est fort et puissant.
                    Note [édition originale] : Les Infidèles = les Polythéistes mekkois et leurs alliés Bédouins ǁ Allah a épargné aux Croyants de combattre. Autre sens : Allah a suffi aux Croyants dans le combat. Mais ce sens ne cadre point avec la Tradition historico-biographique qui dit que nul combat ne fut effectivement livré durant la Campagne du Fossé.
                      26
                      Il a fait descendre de leurs castels ceux des Détenteurs de l’Écriture ayant prêté assistance [aux Factions]. Il a jeté l’effroi en leurs cœurs. Une partie d’entre eux a été tuée par vous, une autre réduite en captivité.
                      Note [édition originale] : Allusion au traitement infligé aux Juifs Qurayza, après que Mahomet les eut assiégés dans leurs fortins de la banlieue médinoise.
                        27
                        Il vous a fait hériter leur terre, leurs habitations, leurs biens et une terre que vos pieds n’ont point foulée. Allah, sur toute chose, est omnipotent.
                        Note [édition originale] : Allusion à la confiscation intégrale des biens des Qurayza. ǁ Une terre que vos pieds n’ont point foulée. Les commt. ont vu, dans cette phrase, une prophétie annonçant la prise de Khaïbar ou, même, la conquête de la Perse et de la Syrie. Sans doute s’agit-il d’une terre loin de Médine appartenant aux Qurayza, tombée entre les mains des Musulmans après l’extermination des possesseurs. Peut-être s’agit-il aussi d’une addition ultérieure.
                          [Commandements sur la conduite et l’attitude des femmes de Mahomet.]
                          28
                          O Prophète !, dis à tes épouses : « Si vous vous trouvez désirer la Vie Immédiate et son clinquant, venez !, je vous [en] donnerai jouissance et vous donnerai gracieux congé.
                          Note [édition originale] : Selon certaines données, ce vt. fait allusion soit à l’attrait excessif de la parure, chez certaines épouses de Mahomet, soit à la jalousie de ‛Aïcha, contre d’autres femmes du Prophète. Celui-ci, à cette occasion, les aurait menacées du divorce.
                            29
                            Si [au contraire] vous désirez [l’agrément d’]Allah et [de] Son Apôtre, ainsi que le Dernier Séjour, [soyez pieuses], car Allah a préparé une immense rétribution à celles d’entre vous qui sont bienfaisantes. »
                            30
                            O femmes du Prophète !, celle parmi vous qui perpétrera une turpitude avérée recevra un châtiment double deux fois. Cela, pour Allah, sera aisé.
                            31
                            Celle d’entre vous [, au contraire,] qui fera oraison (qanata) en l’honneur d’Allah et de son Apôtre et qui fera œuvre pie, Nous lui accorderons sa rétribution, par deux fois, et lui préparerons une généreuse attribution.
                            32
                            O femmes du Prophète !, vous n’êtes semblables à nulle autre femme. Si vous êtes pieuses, ne soyez pas [trop] humbles en vos dires, en sorte que vous convoite celui au cœur duquel est un mal ! Tenez [plutôt] un langage reconnu [pertinent] !
                            Note [édition originale] : A nulle autre femme. Text. : à aucune parmi les femmes.
                              33
                              Demeurez dans vos demeures ! Ne vous produisez point en vos atours, à la manière de l’ancienne Gentilité (jâhiliyya) ! Accomplissez la Prière ! Donnez l’Aumône (zakât). Obéissez à Allah et à Son Apôtre ! Allah veut seulement écarter de vous la souillure !, ô membres de la Maison [du
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                              Prophète
                              ] !, et [Il veut] vous purifier totalement.
                              Note [édition originale] : Allah veut seulement… totalement. Alors que ce qui précède et suit ce passage est au fém. pluriel, ici au contraire on a le masc. pluriel. Le trait s’adresse donc non pas aux épouses de Mahomet pour leur interdire le remariage, mais à toute la famille du Prophète, c.-à-d. : à sa fille Fatima, à ‛Ali, son gendre et cousin, et à leurs deux fils. ǁ La souillure = l’adoration des idoles, selon les commt. ; cf. sourate LXXIV, 5. Une var. apocryphe met l’accent sur ce point : Allah veut écarter la souillure de la Maison de Son Prophète, car ils n’adorèrent point les Idoles.
                                34
                                Rappelez-vous les aya et la Sagesse qui sont récitées dans vos demeures ! Allah est sagace et bien informé.
                                35
                                Les Soumis et les Soumises [à Allah] (muslim), les Croyants et les Croyantes, les Orants (qânit) et les Orantes, ceux et celles qui sont véridiques, ceux et celles qui sont constants, ceux et celles qui redoutent [Allah], ceux et celles qui aumônent, ceux et celles qui jeûnent, ceux et celles qui sont chastes, ceux et celles qui invoquent beaucoup Allah, pour ceux-là Allah a préparé un pardon et une rétribution immense.
                                [Révélation touchant le divorce et le remariage de Zaïnab.]
                                36
                                Il n’est ni d’un Croyant ni d’une Croyante, quand Allah et Son Apôtre ont décrété une affaire, de se donner à choisir sur cette affaire. Quiconque désobéit à Allah et à Son Apôtre est dans un égarement évident.
                                37
                                [Prophète !, rappelle-toi] quand tu disais à celui sur qui Allah et toi aviez répandu vos bienfaits : « Garde auprès de toi ton épouse et sois pieux envers Allah ! » [Rappelle-toi quand] tu cachais en ton âme ce qu’Allah devait faire paraître et [quand] tu craignais le jugement public alors qu’Allah était le plus digne que tu Le craignisses ! Quand Zaïd eut rompu tout commerce avec [son épouse], Nous te la fîmes épouser afin que nul grief ne fût fait aux Croyants, à l’égard des épouses de leurs fils adoptifs, quand ceux-ci ont rompu tout commerce avec elles. Que l’ordre d’Allah soit exécuté !
                                Note [édition originale] : Les allusions contenues dans ce vt. ont été circonstanciées, dans la Tradition historico-biographique, de la façon suivante : Le hasard l’ayant mis en présence de Zaynab, femme de son fils adoptif Zayd, Mahomet conçut pour elle un amour qu’il tenta en vain d’étouffer. Zayd décida de répudier Zaynab. Mahomet s’y opposa d’abord mais ses scrupules furent dissipés par la présente révélation.
                                  38
                                  Contre le Prophète, nul grief à l’égard de ce qu’Allah lui a imposé, conformément à la coutume d’Allah, à l’endroit de ceux qui furent antérieurement — que l’ordre d’Allah soit un décret décrété ! —
                                  39
                                  [à l’endroit] de ceux qui transmettent les messages d’Allah, qui redoutent Celui-ci et qui ne redoutent personne excepté Lui. Combien Allah suffit comme justicier (ḥasîb) !
                                  40

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                                  Mahomet n’est le père de nul de vos mâles, mais il est l’Apôtre d’Allah et le Sceau des Prophètes. Allah, de toute chose, est omniscient.
                                  Note [édition originale] : ḫâtama an-nabiyyîna « le Sceau des Prophètes ». Cette expression est, en Islam, un axiome théologique de valeur primordiale. Il ne se trouve cependant énoncé qu’ici, dans le Coran. V. toutefois sourate LXI, 6 version B et la note. Selon une donnée de Birûni, l’expression « Sceau des Prophètes » aurait été également appliquée à Manès. Vu la date tardive de cette donnée, il n’est cependant pas possible d’affirmer que la locution coranique reprend une locution manichéenne.
                                    [Admonition aux Croyants et a Mahomet.]
                                    41
                                    O vous qui croyez !, invoquez beaucoup Allah !
                                    42
                                    [41] Glorifiez-Le à l’aube et au crépuscule !
                                    Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. et les suiv., par leur brièveté et le détail du vocabulaire, paraissent soit antérieurs à l’ensemble, soit une refonte d’une révélation plus ancienne.
                                      43
                                      [42] C’est Lui qui prie sur vous ainsi que Ses Anges, pour vous faire sortir des Ténèbres vers la Lumière. [C’est Lui] qui est miséricordieux envers les Croyants.
                                      Note [édition originale] : yuṣallî ‛alay-kum « qui prie sur vous ». La même expression se retrouve vt. 56. Les commt. ne sont aucunement gênés par elle, mais indiquent seulement que cette prière est faite par miséricorde, sollicitude ou pitié. Le verbe prier doit être pris avec le sens d’appeler sur le Prophète le bonheur, la victoire etc.
                                        44
                                        [43] La salutation [qui les accueillera] au jour où [les Croyants] rencontreront [le Seigneur] sera : « Salut ! », et Allah aura préparé pour eux une généreuse rétribution.
                                        45
                                        [44] O Prophète !, Nous t’avons envoyé comme Témoin et Annonciateur,
                                        46
                                        [45] comme Avertisseur appelant à Allah, avec Sa permission, et [comme] brillant luminaire.
                                        47
                                        [46] Fais gracieuse annonce aux Croyants qu’ils auront une grande faveur [émanant] d’Allah !
                                        48
                                        [47] N’obéis ni aux Infidèles ni aux Hypocrites ! Laisse leurs sévices
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                                        et appuie-toi sur Allah ! Combien Allah suffit comme protecteur (wakîl) !
                                        Note [édition originale] : Laisse leurs sévices. L’expression, de l’aveu des commt., est équivoque. Elle peut en effet signifier : « Abstiens-toi de sévir contre eux ! » ou « Néglige leurs sévices contre toi ! » Le trait implique en tout cas l’idée d’un danger qui oblige à temporiser, ce qui coïncide soit avec Ohod, soit avec le prélude de la Campagne du Fossé.
                                          [Dispositions touchant le mariage et la répudiation. Dispositions particulières a Mahomet.]
                                          49
                                          [48] O vous qui croyez !, quand vous épousez des Croyantes puisque vous les répudiez avant de les avoir touchées, vous n’avez pas à leur imposer une période [d’attente] comptée par vous. Donnez-leur jouissance [d’un bien] et accordez-leur gracieux congé !
                                          49
                                          O Prophète !, Nous avons déclaré licites pour toi tes épouses auxquelles tu as donné leurs douaires, celles des esclaves qu’Allah t’a données par fait de guerre, les filles de ton oncle et de tes tantes paternels, les filles de ton oncle et de tes tantes maternels qui ont émigré avec toi, la femme croyante, si elle se donne au Prophète, si le Prophète veut la prendre en mariage, dévolue à toi, à l’exclusion des Croyants.
                                          Note [édition originale] : ’ujûra-hunna « leurs douaires ». Text. : Leurs rétributions. Cf. sourate IV, 28, où ce terme apparaît avec le même sens. ǁ Si elle se donne etc. Selon toute apparence, ce passage, avec son changement de personnes, est une insertion sans lien avec le texte initial.
                                            50
                                            — Nous savons ce que Nous avons imposé [aux Croyants], à l’égard de leurs épouses et de leurs esclaves —, [tout cela, Prophète !], afin qu’il n’y ait pas sur toi de gêne. Allah est absoluteur et miséricordieux.
                                            51
                                            Tu remets à plus tard celle d’entre elles que tu veux ; tu donnes accès auprès de toi à celle que tu veux, ainsi qu’à celle que tu recherches parmi celles écartées par toi. [En cela,] nul grief à toi. Cela est très propre à leur donner la joie, à ce qu’elles ne s’attristent point et à ce qu’elles agréent ce que tu leur accordes à toutes. Allah sait ce qui est en vos cœurs. Allah est omniscient et longanime.
                                            Note [édition originale] : Vt. destiné à pacifier le harem de Mahomet. La plupart des expressions sont euphémistiques.
                                              52
                                              Il n’est point licite à toi [, Prophète !, de prendre] encore [d’autres] femmes, en dehors de tes esclaves, ni de les changer contre [d’autres]
                                              Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                              épouses, fusses-tu ravi par leur beauté. Allah, de toute chose, est observateur.
                                              Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. doit être de date très tardive. Le dernier mariage de Mahomet, avec une muḥṣana, à savoir avec Mulayka, se place à la fin de 630. Le harem de Mahomet, à cette date, compte neuf épouses.
                                                [Dispositions réglant les égards des croyants envers Mahomet et ses épouses.]
                                                53
                                                O vous qui croyez !, n’entrez dans les appartements du Prophète que [quand] il vous est donné permission pour un repas ! [N’entrez point alors] sans attendre le moment de [ce repas] ! Quand toutefois vous êtes invités, entrez ! Dès que vous avez pris le repas, retirez-vous sans vous abandonner, familiers, à un discours. Cela offense le Prophète et il a honte de vous. Mais Allah n’a pas honte de la vérité. Quand vous demandez un objet aux [épouses du Prophète], demandez-le de derrière un voile ! Cela est plus décent pour vos cœurs et leurs cœurs. Il n’est pas [licite] à vous d’offenser l’Apôtre d’Allah, ni d’épouser jamais ses épouses, après lui. C’est, au regard d’Allah, [péché] immense.
                                                Note [édition originale] : fa-ntaširû « retirez-vous ». Autre sens, retenu par les commt. : Dispersez-vous !
                                                  54
                                                  Si vous manifestez quelque chose ou si vous le cachez, [cela n’importe], car Allah, de toute chose, est omniscient.
                                                  55
                                                  Nul grief [cependant, aux épouses du Prophète, si elles sont vues] de leurs pères, de leurs fils, de leurs frères, des fils de leurs frères, des fils de leurs sœurs, de leurs femmes et de leurs [propres] esclaves. Qu’elles soient pieuses envers Allah ! Allah, de toute chose, est témoin.
                                                  56
                                                  Allah et Ses Anges prient sur le Prophète. O vous qui croyez !, priez sur le Prophète et appelez sur lui le salut !
                                                  Note [édition originale] : Allah… sur le Prophète. V. ci-dessus vt. 42 et la note. La phrase qui suit permet d’inférer que ṣallā ‛ala « prier sur quelqu’un » implique, semble-t-il, un appel au bonheur et à la prospérité par formules propitiatoires. ǁ sallimû taslîman « appelez sur lui le salut ». Text. : prononcez : « Salut ! »
                                                    57
                                                    Ceux qui offensent Allah et Son Apôtre, qu’Allah les maudisse en la [Vie] Immédiate et Dernière, et qu’Il leur prépare un tourment avilissant.
                                                    58
                                                    Ceux qui offensent les Croyants et les Croyantes, pour [toute] autre cause que le fait de ceux-ci, se chargent d’une infamie (buhtân) et d’un péché avéré.
                                                    59

                                                    Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                    O Prophète !, dis à tes épouses, à tes filles et aux femmes des Croyants de serrer sur elles leurs voiles ! Cela sera le plus simple moyen qu’elles soient reconnues et qu’elles ne soient point offensées. Allah est absoluteur et miséricordieux.
                                                    Note [édition originale] : jalâbîbi-hinna « leurs voiles ». Il s’agit nettement d’un grand voile allant de la tête aux pieds.
                                                      [Contre les Hypocrites et les Juifs Qoraiza.]
                                                      60
                                                      Certes, si les Hypocrites, ceux au cœur de qui est un mal et ceux qui tremblent ne cessent point, à Médine, Nous te mettrons certes en campagne contre eux [, Prophète !]. Ensuite, ils n’y resteront tes voisins que peu [de temps].
                                                      61
                                                      Maudits, quelque part qu’ils soient acculés, ils seront pris et tués sans pitié,
                                                      62
                                                      selon la coutume d’Allah à l’égard de ceux qui furent antérieurement. Or, tu trouveras la coutume d’Allah non modifiable.
                                                      [Admonition aux Croyants.]
                                                      63
                                                      Les Hommes t’interrogent sur l’Heure. Réponds[-leur] : « La connaissance n’en est qu’auprès d’Allah. » Qu’est-ce qui peut te faire savoir ? Peut-être l’Heure est-elle proche !
                                                      64
                                                      Allah a maudit les Infidèles et leur a préparé un brasier,
                                                      65
                                                      où ils demeureront, immortels, en éternité. Ils n’y trouveront ni patron ni auxiliaire,
                                                      66
                                                      au jour où leurs visages tournés vers le Feu, ils crieront : « Plût au ciel que nous eussions obéi à Allah et que nous eussions obéi à l’Apôtre !
                                                      67
                                                      Seigneur !, nous avons obéi à nos chefs et aux grands, parmi nous, et ils nous ont égarés loin du Chemin ! »
                                                      68
                                                      [Cependant les Croyants] diront : « Seigneur ! donne-leur au double le Tourment et lance contre eux une grande malédiction ! »
                                                      Note [édition originale] : [Cependant, les Croyants] diront : Text. : et ils dirent. Dans le texte, ce verbe est en tête du vt. 67, mais semble devoir être rejeté ici.
                                                        69
                                                        O vous qui croyez !, ne soyez point comme ceux qui ont fait offense à Moïse ! Allah a déclaré celui-ci irresponsable de ce qu’ils dirent et [Moïse] fut en honneur auprès d’Allah.
                                                        70
                                                        O vous qui croyez !, soyez pieux envers Allah et tenez de droits propos !
                                                        71

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                                                        [Allah] réformera (’aṣlaḥa) vos actions et vous pardonnera vos péchés. Quiconque obéit à Allah et à Son Apôtre touche à un succès immense.
                                                        72
                                                        Nous avons proposé la confiance aux cieux, à la terre et aux montagnes. Ils ont refusé de s’en charger et s’en sont effrayés, alors que l’Homme s’en est chargé, car il est injuste et ignorant de toute loi.
                                                        Note [édition originale] : al-’amânata « la confiance ». Le sens est incertain. Il peut s’agir de la confiance méritée par la sincérité, la droiture. Une autre interprétation est également possible. A diverses reprises, le terme ’amânât apparaît, dans le Coran, mais au pl., avec le sens de « dépôts ». Peut-être s’agit-il ici de la foi considérée comme un dépôt dont l’Homme est responsable. ǁ jahûlun « ignorant de toute loi ». Le terme est très fort et la racine a ici la valeur qu’elle offre dans tout le Coran.
                                                          73
                                                          [Il en a été décidé ainsi] afin qu’Allah tourmente les Hypocrites, hommes et femmes, ainsi que les Associateurs et les Associatrices, et [afin qu’]Allah revienne [de Sa rigueur] contre les Croyants et les Croyantes. Allah est absoluteur et miséricordieux.
                                                          Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. et le précédent affirment nettement le libre arbitre de l’Homme.
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                                                            Arberry, 1955Contexte
                                                            X
                                                            The Confederates
                                                            1
                                                            O Prophet, fear God, and obey not the unbelievers and the hypocrites. God is All-knowing, All-wise.
                                                            2
                                                            And follow what is revealed to thee from thy Lord; surely God is aware of the things you do.
                                                            3
                                                            And put thy trust in God; God suffices as a guardian.
                                                            4
                                                            God has not assigned to any man two hearts within his breast; nor has He made your wives, when you divorce, saying, 'Be as my mother's back,' truly your mothers, neither has He made your adopted sons your sons in fact. That is your own saying, the words of your mouths; but God speaks the truth, and guides on the way.
                                                            5
                                                            Call them after their true fathers; that is more equitable in the sight of God. If you know not who their fathers were, then they are your brothers in religion, and your clients. There is no fault in you if you make mistakes, but only in what your hearts premeditate. God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
                                                            6
                                                            The Prophet is nearer to the believers than their selves; his wives are their mothers. Those who are bound by blood are nearer to one another in the Book of God than the believers and the emigrants; nevertheless you should act towards your friends honourably; that stands inscribed in the Book.
                                                            7
                                                            And when We took compact from the Prophets, and from thee, and from Noah, and Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, Mary's son; We took from them a solemn compact,
                                                            8
                                                            that He might question the truthful concerning their truthfulness; and He has prepared for the unbelievers a painful chastisement.
                                                            9
                                                            O believers, remember God's blessing upon you when hosts came against you, and We loosed against them a wind, and hosts you saw not; and God sees the things you do.
                                                            10
                                                            When they came against you from above you and from below you, and when your eyes swerved and your hearts reached your throats, while you thought thoughts about God;
                                                            11
                                                            there it was that the believers were tried, and shaken most mightily.
                                                            12
                                                            And when tile hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is sickness, said, 'God and His Messenger promised us only delusion.'
                                                            13
                                                            And when a party of them said, 'O people of Yathrib, there is no abiding here for you, therefore return!' And a part of them Were asking leave of the Prophet, saying, 'Our houses are exposed'; yet they were not exposed; they desired only to flee.
                                                            14
                                                            And if entrance had been forced against them from those quarters, and then they had been asked to apostatise, they would have done so, and but tarried about it briefly.
                                                            15
                                                            Yet they had made covenant with God before that, that they would not turn their backs; and covenants with God shall be questioned of
                                                            16
                                                            Say: 'Flight will not profit you, if you flee from death or slaying; you will be given enjoyment of days then but little.'
                                                            17
                                                            Say: 'Who is he that shall defend you from God, if lie desires evil for you, or desires mercy for you?' They shall find for themselves, apart from God, neither protector nor helper.
                                                            18
                                                            God would surely know those of you who hinder, and those who say to their brothers, 'Come to us,' and come to battle but little,
                                                            19
                                                            being niggardly towards you. When fear comes upon them, thou seest them looking at thee, their eyes rolling like one who swoons of death; but when the fear departs, they flay you with sharp tongues, being niggardly to possess the good things. Those have never believed; God has made their works to fail; and that is easy for God.
                                                            20
                                                            They think the Confederates have not departed; and if the Confederates come, they will wish that they were desert-dwellers among the Bedoums asking for news of you. If they were among you, they would fight but little.
                                                            21
                                                            You have had a good example in God's Messenger for whosoever hopes for God and the Last Day, and remembers God oft.
                                                            22
                                                            When the believers saw the Confederates they said, 'This is what God and His Messenger promised us, and God and His Messenger have spoken truly.' And it only increased them in faith and surrender.
                                                            23
                                                            Among the believers are men who were true to their covenant with God; some of them have fulfilled their vow by death, and some are still awaiting, and they have not changed in the least;
                                                            24
                                                            that God may recompense the truthful ones for their truthfulness, and chastise the hypocrites, if He will, or turn again unto them. Surely God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
                                                            25
                                                            And God sent back those that were unbelievers in their rage, and they attained no good; God spared the believers of fighting. Surely God is All-strong, All-mighty.
                                                            26
                                                            And He brought down those of the People of the Book who supported them from their fortresses and cast terror in their hearts; some you slew, some you made captive.
                                                            27
                                                            And He bequeathed upon you their lands, their habitations, and their possessions, and a land you never trod. God is powerful over everything.
                                                            28
                                                            O Prophet, say to thy wives: 'If you desire the present life and its adornment, come now, I will make you provision, and set you free with kindliness.
                                                            29
                                                            But if you desire God and His Messenger and the Last Abode, surely God has prepared for those amongst you such as do good a mighty wage.
                                                            30
                                                            Wives of the Prophet, whosoever among you commits a flagrant indecency, for her the chastisement shall be doubled; that is easy for God.
                                                            31
                                                            But whosoever of you is obedient to God and His Messenger, and does righteousness, We shall pay her her wage twice over; We have prepared for her a generous provision.
                                                            32
                                                            Wives of the Prophet, you are not as other women. If you are godfearing, be not abject in your speech, so that he in whose heart is sickness may be lustful; but speak honourable words.
                                                            33
                                                            Remain in your houses; and display not your finery, as did the pagans of old. And perform the prayer, and pay the alms, and obey God and His Messenger. People of the House, God only desires to put away from you abomination and to cleanse you.
                                                            34
                                                            And remember that which is recited in your houses of the signs of God and the Wisdom; God is All-subtle, All-aware.
                                                            35
                                                            Men and women who have surrendered, believing men and believing women, obedient men and obedient women, truthful men and truthful women, enduring men and enduring women, humble men and humble women, men and women who give in charity, men who fast and women who fast, men and women who guard their private parts, men and women who remember God oft -- for them God has prepared forgiveness and a mighty wage.
                                                            36
                                                            It is not for any believer, man or woman, when God and His Messenger have decreed a matter, to have the choice in the affair. Whosoever disobeys God and His Messenger has gone astray into manifest error.
                                                            37
                                                            When thou saidst to him whom God had blessed and thou hadst favoured, 'Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear God,' and thou wast concealing within thyself what God should reveal, fearing other men; and God has better right for thee to fear Him. So when Zaid had accomplished what he would of her, then We gave her in marriage to thee, so that there should not be any fault in the believers, touching the wives of their adopted sons, when they have accomplished what they would of them; and God's commandment must be performed.
                                                            38
                                                            There is no fault in the Prophet, touching what God has ordained for him -- God's wont with those who passed away before; and God's commandment is doom decreed;
                                                            39
                                                            who were delivering the Messages of God, and were fearing Him, and fearing not any one except Him; and God suffices as a reckoner.
                                                            40
                                                            Muhammad is not the father of any one of your men, but the Messenger of God, and the Seal of the Prophets; God has knowledge of everything.
                                                            41
                                                            O believers, remember God oft,
                                                            42
                                                            and give Him glory at the dawn and in the evening.
                                                            43
                                                            It is He who blesses you, and His angels, to bring you forth from the shadows into the light. He is All-compassionate to the believers.
                                                            44
                                                            Their greeting, on the day when they shall meet Him, will be 'Peace!' And He has prepared for them a generous wage.
                                                            45
                                                            O Prophet, We have sent thee as a witness, and good tidings to bear and warning,
                                                            46
                                                            calling unto God by His leave, and as a light-giving lamp.
                                                            47
                                                            Give good tidings to the believers that there awaits them with God great bounty.
                                                            48
                                                            And obey not the unbelievers and the hypocrites; heed not their hurt, but put thy trust in God; God suffices as a guardian.
                                                            49
                                                            O believers, when you marry believing women and then divorce them before you touch them, you have no period to reckon against them; so make provision for them, and set them free with kindliness.
                                                            50
                                                            O Prophet, We have made lawful for thee thy wives whom thou hast given their wages and what thy right hand owns, spoils of war that God has given thee, and the daughters of thy uncles paternal and aunts paternal, thy uncles maternal and aunts maternal, who have emigrated with thee, and any woman believer, if she give herself to the Prophet and if the Prophet desire to take her in marriage, for thee exclusively, apart from the believers -- We know what We have imposed upon them touching their wives and what their right hands own -- that there may be no fault in thee; God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
                                                            51
                                                            Thou mayest put off whom thou wilt of them, and whom thou wilt thou mayest take to thee; and if thou seekest any thou hast set aside there is no fault in thee. So it is likelier they will be comforted, and not sorrow, and every one of them will be well-pleased with what thou givest her. God knows what is in your hearts; God is All-knowing, All-clement.
                                                            52
                                                            Thereafter women are not lawful to thee, neither for thee to take other wives in exchange for them, though their beauty please thee, except what thy right hand owns; God is watchful over everything.
                                                            53
                                                            O believers, enter not the houses of the Prophet, except leave is given you for a meal, without watching for its hour. But when you are invited, then enter; and when you have had the meal, disperse, neither lingering for idle talk; that is hurtful to the Prophet, and he is ashamed before you; but God is not ashamed before the truth. And when you ask his wives for any object, ask them from behind a curtain; that is cleaner for your hearts and theirs. It is not for you to hurt God's Messenger, neither to marry his wives after him, ever; surely that would be, in God's sight, a monstrous thing.
                                                            54
                                                            Whether you reveal anything, or whether you conceal it, surely God has knowledge of everything.
                                                            55
                                                            There is no fault in the Prophet's wives touching their fathers, their sons, their brothers, their brothers' sons, their sisters' sons, their women, and what their right hands own. And fear you God; surely God is witness of everything.
                                                            56
                                                            God and His angels bless the Prophet. O believers, do you also bless him, and pray him peace.
                                                            57
                                                            Those who hurt God and His Messenger -- them God has cursed in the present world and the world to come, and has prepared for them a humbling chastisement.
                                                            58
                                                            And those who hurt believing men and believing women, without that they have earned it, have laid upon themselves calumny and manifest sin.
                                                            59
                                                            O Prophet, say to thy wives and daughters and the believing women, that they draw their veils close to them; so it is likelier they will be known, and not hurt. God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate.
                                                            60
                                                            Now; if the hypocrites do not give over, and those in whose hearts there is sickness and they that make commotion in the city, We shall assuredly urge thee against them and then they will be thy neighbours there only a little;
                                                            61
                                                            cursed they shalt be, and wheresoever they are come upon they shall be seized and slaughtered all --
                                                            62
                                                            God's wont with those who passed away before; and thou shall find no changing the wont of God.
                                                            63
                                                            The people will question thee concerning the Hour. Say: 'The knowledge of it is only with God; what shall make thee know? Haply the Hour is nigh.'
                                                            64
                                                            God has cursed the unbelievers, and prepared for them a Blaze,
                                                            65
                                                            therein to dwell for ever; they shall find neither protector nor helper.
                                                            66
                                                            Upon the day when their faces are turned about in the Fire they shall say, 'Ah, would we had obeyed God and the Messenger!
                                                            67
                                                            They shall say, 'Our Lord, we obeyed our chiefs and great ones, and they led us astray from the way.
                                                            68
                                                            Our Lord, give them chastisement twofold, and curse them with a mighty curse!'
                                                            69
                                                            O believers, be not as those who hurt Moses, but God declared him quit of what they said, and he was high honoured with God.
                                                            70
                                                            O believers, fear God, and speak words hitting the mark,
                                                            71
                                                            and He will set right your deeds for you and will forgive you your sins. Whosoever obeys God and His Messenger has won a mighty triumph.
                                                            72
                                                            We offered the trust to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, but they refused to carry it and were afraid of it; and man carried it. Surely he is sinful, very foolish.
                                                            73
                                                            That God may chastise the hypocrites, men and women alike, and the idolaters, men and women alike; and that God may turn again unto the believers, men and women alike. God is All-forgiving, All-compassionate."
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                                                            Pitckthall, 1930Contexte
                                                            X
                                                            The Clans
                                                            1
                                                            O Prophet! Keep thy duty to Allah and obey not the disbelievers and the hypocrites. Lo! Allah is Knower, Wise.
                                                            2
                                                            And follow that which is inspired in thee from thy Lord. Lo! Allah is Aware of what ye do.
                                                            3
                                                            And put thy trust in Allah, for Allah is sufficient as Trustee.
                                                            4
                                                            Allah hath not assigned unto any man two hearts within his body, nor hath He made your wives whom ye declare (to be your mothers) your mothers, nor hath He made those whom ye claim (to be your sons) your sons. This is but a saying of your mouths. But Allah saith the truth and He showeth the way.
                                                            5
                                                            Proclaim their real parentage. That will be more equitable in the sight of Allah. And if ye know not their fathers, then (they are) your brethren in the faith, and your clients. And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally, but what your hearts purpose (that will be a sin for you). Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
                                                            6
                                                            The Prophet is closer to the believers than their selves, and his wives are (as) their mothers. And the owners of kinship are closer one to another in the ordinance of Allah than (other) believers and the fugitives (who fled from Mecca), except that ye should do kindness to your friends. This is written in the Book (of nature).
                                                            7
                                                            And when We exacted a covenant from the prophets, and from thee (O Muhammad) and from Noah and Abraham and Moses and Jesus son of Mary. We took from them a solemn covenant;
                                                            8
                                                            That He may ask the loyal of their loyalty. And He hath prepared a painful doom for the unfaithful.
                                                            9
                                                            O ye who believe! Remember Allah's favour unto you when there came against you hosts, and We sent against them a great wind and hosts ye could not see. And Allah is ever Seer of what ye do.
                                                            10
                                                            When they came upon you from above you and from below you, and when eyes grew wild and hearts reached to the throats, and ye were imagining vain thoughts concerning Allah.
                                                            11
                                                            There were the believers sorely tried, and shaken with a mighty shock.
                                                            12
                                                            And when the hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is a disease, were saying: Allah and His messenger promised us naught but delusion.
                                                            13
                                                            And when a party of them said: O folk of Yathrib! There is no stand (possible) for you, therefor turn back. And certain of them (even) sought permission of the Prophet, saying: Our homes lie open (to the enemy). And they lay not open. They but wished to flee.
                                                            14
                                                            If the enemy had entered from all sides and they had been exhorted to treachery, they would have committed it, and would have hesitated thereupon but little.
                                                            15
                                                            And verily they had already sworn unto Allah that they would not turn their backs (to the foe). An oath to Allah must be answered for.
                                                            16
                                                            Say: Flight will not avail you if ye flee from death or killing, and then ye dwell in comfort but a little while.
                                                            17
                                                            Say: Who is he who can preserve you from Allah if He intendeth harm for you, or intendeth mercy for you. They will not find that they have any friend or helper other than Allah.
                                                            18
                                                            Allah already knoweth those of you who hinder, and those who say unto their brethren: "Come ye hither unto us!" and they come not to the stress of battle save a little,
                                                            19
                                                            Being sparing of their help to you (believers). But when the fear cometh, then thou (Muhammad) seest them regarding thee with rolling eyes like one who fainteth unto death. Then, when the fear departeth, they scald you with sharp tongues in their greed for wealth (from the spoil). Such have not believed. Therefor Allah maketh their deeds fruitless. And that is easy for Allah.
                                                            20
                                                            They hold that the clans have not retired (for good); and if the clans should advance (again), they would fain be in the desert with the wandering Arabs, asking for the news of you; and if they were among you, they would not give battle, save a little.
                                                            21
                                                            Verily in the messenger of Allah ye have a good example for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.
                                                            22
                                                            And when the true believers saw the clans, they said: This is that which Allah and His messenger promised us. Allah and His messenger are true. It did but confirm them in their faith and resignation.
                                                            23
                                                            Of the believers are men who are true to that which they covenanted with Allah. Some of them have paid their vow by death (in battle), and some of them still are waiting; and they have not altered in the least;
                                                            24
                                                            That Allah may reward the true men for their truth, and punish the hypocrites if He will, or relent toward them (if He will). Lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.
                                                            25
                                                            And Allah repulsed the disbelievers in their wrath; they gained no good. Allah averted their attack from the believers. Allah is ever Strong, Mighty.
                                                            26
                                                            And He brought those of the People of the Scripture who supported them down from their strongholds, and cast panic into their hearts. Some ye slew, and ye made captive some.
                                                            27
                                                            And He caused you to inherit their land and their houses and their wealth, and land ye have not trodden. Allah is ever Able to do all things.
                                                            28
                                                            O Prophet! Say unto thy wives: If ye desire the world's life and its adornment, come! I will content you and will release you with a fair release.
                                                            29
                                                            But if ye desire Allah and His messenger and the abode of the Hereafter, then lo! Allah hath prepared for the good among you an immense reward.
                                                            30
                                                            O ye wives of the Prophet! Whosoever of you committeth manifest lewdness, the punishment for her will be doubled, and that is easy for Allah.
                                                            31
                                                            And whosoever of you is submissive unto Allah and His messenger and doeth right, We shall give her her reward twice over, and We have prepared for her a rich provision.
                                                            32
                                                            O ye wives of the Prophet! Ye are not like any other women. If ye keep your duty (to Allah), then be not soft of speech, lest he in whose heart is a disease aspire (to you), but utter customary speech.
                                                            33
                                                            And stay in your houses. Bedizen not yourselves with the bedizenment of the Time of Ignorance. Be regular in prayer, and pay the poor-due, and obey Allah and His messenger. Allah's wish is but to remove uncleanness far from you, O Folk of the Household, and cleanse you with a thorough cleansing.
                                                            34
                                                            And bear in mind that which is recited in your houses of the revelations of Allah and wisdom. Lo! Allah is Subtile, Aware.
                                                            35
                                                            Lo! men who surrender unto Allah, and women who surrender, and men who believe and women who believe, and men who obey and women who obey, and men who speak the truth and women who speak the truth, and men who persevere (in righteousness) and women who persevere, and men who are humble and women who are humble, and men who give alms and women who give alms, and men who fast and women who fast, and men who guard their modesty and women who guard (their modesty), and men who remember Allah much and women who remember - Allah hath prepared for them forgiveness and a vast reward.
                                                            36
                                                            And it becometh not a believing man or a believing woman, when Allah and His messenger have decided an affair (for them), that they should (after that) claim any say in their affair; and whoso is rebellious to Allah and His messenger, he verily goeth astray in error manifest.
                                                            37
                                                            And when thou saidst unto him on whom Allah hath conferred favour and thou hast conferred favour: Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear Allah. And thou didst hide in thy mind that which Allah was to bring to light, and thou didst fear mankind whereas Allah hath a better right that thou shouldst fear Him. So when Zeyd had performed that necessary formality (of divorce) from her, We gave her unto thee in marriage, so that (henceforth) there may be no sin for believers in respect of wives of their adopted sons, when the latter have performed the necessary formality (of release) from them. The commandment of Allah must be fulfilled.
                                                            38
                                                            There is no reproach for the Prophet in that which Allah maketh his due. That was Allah's way with those who passed away of old - and the commandment of Allah is certain destiny -
                                                            39
                                                            Who delivered the messages of Allah and feared Him, and feared none save Allah. Allah keepeth good account.
                                                            40
                                                            Muhammad is not the father of any man among you, but he is the messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets; and Allah is ever Aware of all things.
                                                            41
                                                            O ye who believe! Remember Allah with much remembrance.
                                                            42
                                                            And glorify Him early and late.
                                                            43
                                                            He it is Who blesseth you, and His angels (bless you), that He may bring you forth from darkness unto light; and He is ever Merciful to the believers.
                                                            44
                                                            Their salutation on the day when they shall meet Him will be: Peace. And He hath prepared for them a goodly recompense.
                                                            45
                                                            O Prophet! Lo! We have sent thee as a witness and a bringer of good tidings and a warner.
                                                            46
                                                            And as a summoner unto Allah by His permission, and as a lamp that giveth light.
                                                            47
                                                            And announce unto the believers the good tidings that they will have great bounty from Allah.
                                                            48
                                                            And incline not to the disbelievers and the hypocrites. Disregard their noxious talk, and put thy trust in Allah. Allah is sufficient as Trustee.
                                                            49
                                                            O ye who believe! If ye wed believing women and divorce them before ye have touched them, then there is no period that ye should reckon. But content them and release them handsomely.
                                                            50
                                                            O Prophet! Lo! We have made lawful unto thee thy wives unto whom thou hast paid their dowries, and those whom thy right hand possesseth of those whom Allah hath given thee as spoils of war, and the daughters of thine uncle on the father's side and the daughters of thine aunts on the father's side, and the daughters of thine uncle on the mother's side and the daughters of thine aunts on the mother's side who emigrated with thee, and a believing woman if she give herself unto the Prophet and the Prophet desire to ask her in marriage - a privilege for thee only, not for the (rest of) believers - We are Aware of that which We enjoined upon them concerning their wives and those whom their right hands possess - that thou mayst be free from blame, for Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
                                                            51
                                                            Thou canst defer whom thou wilt of them and receive unto thee whom thou wilt, and whomsoever thou desirest of those whom thou hast set aside (temporarily), it is no sin for thee (to receive her again); that is better; that they may be comforted and not grieve, and may all be pleased with what thou givest them. Allah knoweth what is in your hearts (O men), and Allah is ever Forgiving, Clement.
                                                            52
                                                            It is not allowed thee to take (other) women henceforth, nor that thou shouldst change them for other wives even though their beauty pleased thee, save those whom thy right hand possesseth. And Allah is ever Watcher over all things.
                                                            53
                                                            O Ye who believe! Enter not the dwellings of the Prophet for a meal without waiting for the proper time, unless permission be granted you. But if ye are invited, enter, and, when your meal is ended, then disperse. Linger not for conversation. Lo! that would cause annoyance to the Prophet, and he would be shy of (asking) you (to go); but Allah is not shy of the truth. And when ye ask of them (the wives of the Prophet) anything, ask it of them from behind a curtain. That is purer for your hearts and for their hearts. And it is not for you to cause annoyance to the messenger of Allah, nor that ye should ever marry his wives after him. Lo! that in Allah's sight would be an enormity.
                                                            54
                                                            Whether ye divulge a thing or keep it hidden, lo! Allah is ever Knower of all things.
                                                            55
                                                            It is no sin for them (thy wives) to converse freely) with their fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their brothers' sons, or the sons of their sisters or of their own women, or their slaves. O women! Keep your duty to Allah. Lo! Allah is ever Witness over all things.
                                                            56
                                                            Lo! Allah and His angels shower blessings on the Prophet. O ye who believe! Ask blessings on him and salute him with a worthy salutation.
                                                            57
                                                            Lo! those who malign Allah and His messenger, Allah hath cursed them in the world and the Hereafter, and hath prepared for them the doom of the disdained.
                                                            58
                                                            And those who malign believing men and believing women undeservedly, they bear the guilt of slander and manifest sin.
                                                            59
                                                            O Prophet! Tell thy wives and thy daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks close round them (when they go abroad). That will be better, so that they may be recognised and not annoyed. Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
                                                            60
                                                            If the hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is a disease, and the alarmists in the city do not cease, We verily shall urge thee on against them, then they will be your neighbours in it but a little while.
                                                            61
                                                            Accursed, they will be seized wherever found and slain with a (fierce) slaughter.
                                                            62
                                                            That was the way of Allah in the case of those who passed away of old; thou wilt not find for the way of Allah aught of power to change.
                                                            63
                                                            Men ask thee of the Hour. Say: The knowledge of it is with Allah only. What can convey (the knowledge) unto thee? It may be that the Hour is nigh.
                                                            64
                                                            Lo! Allah hath cursed the disbelievers, and hath prepared for them a flaming fire,
                                                            65
                                                            Wherein they will abide for ever. They will find (then) no protecting friend nor helper.
                                                            66
                                                            On the day when their faces are turned over in the Fire, they say: Oh, would that we had obeyed Allah and had obeyed His messenger!
                                                            67
                                                            And they say: Our Lord! Lo! we obeyed our princes and great men, and they misled us from the Way.
                                                            68
                                                            Our Lord! Oh, give them double torment and curse them with a mighty curse.
                                                            69
                                                            O ye who believe! Be not as those who slandered Moses, but Allah proved his innocence of that which they alleged, and he was well esteemed in Allah's sight.
                                                            70
                                                            O ye who believe! Guard your duty to Allah, and speak words straight to the point;
                                                            71
                                                            He will adjust your works for you and will forgive you your sins. Whosoever obeyeth Allah and His messenger, he verily hath gained a signal victory.
                                                            72
                                                            Lo! We offered the trust unto the heavens and the earth and the hills, but they shrank from bearing it and were afraid of it. And man assumed it. Lo! he hath proved a tyrant and a fool.
                                                            73
                                                            So Allah punisheth hypocritical men and hypocritical women, and idolatrous men and idolatrous women. But Allah pardoneth believing men and believing women, and Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
                                                            ←|→
                                                            Sale, 1734Contexte
                                                            X
                                                            CHAP. XXXIII.
                                                            Intitled, The Confederates
                                                            a
                                                            Note [édition originale] : Part of this chapter was revealed on occasion of the war of the ditch, which happened in the fifth year of the Hejra, when Medina was besieged, for above twenty days, by the joint and confederate forces of several Jewish tribes, and of the inhabitants of Mecca, Najd, and Tehâma, at the instigation of the Jews of the tribe of Nadhîr, who had been driven out of their settlement near Medina, by Mohammed, the year before1.
                                                            • 1 V. Abu’lfedae, Vit. Moh. p. 73. & Gagnier, Vie de Mahomet, l. 4, c. i
                                                            ; revealed at Medina.
                                                            In the name of the most merciful God.
                                                            1
                                                            O Prophet, fear God, and obey not the unbelievers and the hypocrites
                                                            b
                                                            Note [édition originale] : Obey not the unbelievers and the hypocrites;] It is related that Abu Sofiân, Acrema Ebn Abi Jahl, and Abu’l’Awar al Salami, having an amicable interview with Mohammed, at which were present also Abda’llah Ebn Obba, Moatteb Ebn Kosheir, and Jadd Ebn Kais, they proposed to the prophet that if he would leave off preaching against the worship of their gods, and acknowledge them to be mediators, they would give him and his Lord no farther disturbance; upon which these words were revealed2.
                                                            • 2 Al Beidawi.
                                                            : verily God is knowing and wise.
                                                            2
                                                            But follow that which is revealed unto thee from thy Lord; for God is well acquainted with that which ye do;
                                                            3
                                                            and put thy trust in God; for God is a sufficient protector.
                                                            4
                                                            God hath not given a man two hearts within him; neither hath he made your wives (some of whom ye divorce, regarding them thereafter as your mothers) your true mothers; not hath he made your adopted sons your true sons
                                                            c
                                                            Note [édition originale] : God hath not given a man two hearts, &c.] This passage was revealed to abolish two customs among the old Arabs. The first was their manner of divorcing their wives, when they had no mind to let them go out of their house, or to marry again; and this the husband did by saying to the woman, Thou art henceforward to me as the back of my mother; after which words pronounced he abstained from her bed, and regarded her in all respects as his mother, and she became related to all his kindred in the same degree as if she had been really so. The other custom was the holding their adopted sons to be as nearly related to them as their natural sons, so that the same impediments of marriage arose from that supposed relation, in the prohibited degrees, as it would have done in the case of a genuine son. The latter Mohammed had a peculiar reason to abolish. viz. his marrying the divorced wife of his freedman Zeid, who was also his adopted son, of which more will be said by-and-bye. By the declaration which introduces this passage, that God has not given a man two hearts, is meant, that a man cannot have the same affection for supposed parents and adopted children, as for those who are really so. They tell us the Arabs used to say, of a prudent and acute person, that he had two hearts; whence one Abu Mámer, or, as others write, Jemîl Ebn Asad al Fihri, was surnamed Dhu’lkalbein, or the man with two hearts 3.
                                                            • 3 Idem, Jallalo’ddin, &c.
                                                            . This is your saying in your mouths: but God speaketh the truth; and he directed the right way.
                                                            5
                                                            Call such as are adopted, the sons of their natural fathers: this will be more just in the sight of God. And if ye know not their fathers, let them be as your brethren in religion, and your companions: and it shall be no crime in you, that ye err
                                                            d
                                                            Note [édition originale] : That ye err;] Through ignorance or mistake; or, that ye have erred for the time past.
                                                              in this matter; but that shall be criminal which your
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                                                              hearts purposely design; for God is gracious and merciful.
                                                              6
                                                              The prophet is nigher unto the true believers than their own souls
                                                              a
                                                              Note [édition originale] : The prophet is nigher unto the true believers than their own souls;] Commanding them nothing but what is for their interest and advantage, and being more solicitous for their present and future happiness even than themselves; for which reason he ought to be dear to them, and deserves their utmost love and respect. In some copies these words are added, And he is a father unto them; every prophet being the spiritual father of his people, who are therefore brethren. It is said that this passage was revealed on some of Mohammed’s followers telling him, when he summoned them to attend him in the expedition of Tabûc 1, that they would ask leave of their fathers and mothers2.
                                                              • 1 See chap. 9. p. 154.
                                                              • 2 Al Beidawi.
                                                              ; and his wives are their mothers
                                                              b
                                                              Note [édition originale] : His wives are their mothers;] Tho’ the spiritual relation between Mohammed and his people, declared in the preceding words, created no impediment to prevent his taking to wife such women among them as he thought fit; yet the commentators are of opinion that they are here forbidden to marry any of his wives3.
                                                              • 3 See the Prelim. Disc. §. V.
                                                              . Those who are related by consanguinity are nigher of kin the one of them unto the others, according to the book of God, than the other true believers, and the Mohâjerûn
                                                              c
                                                              Note [édition originale] : Those who are related by consanguinity are nigher of kin unto one another, according to the book of God, than the other true believers, and the Mohâjerûn;] These words, which also occur, excepting the latter part of the sentence, in the eighth chapter, abrogate that law concerning inheritances, published in the same chapter, whereby the Mohâjerûn and Ansârs were to be the heirs of one another, exclusive of their nearer relations, who were infidels4.
                                                              • 4 See chap. 8. p. 148.
                                                              : unless that ye do what is fitting and reasonable to your relations in general. This is written in the book of God
                                                              d
                                                              Note [édition originale] : In the book of God;] i.e. In the preserved Table, or the Korân; or, as others suppose, in the Pentateuch.
                                                                .
                                                                7
                                                                Remember when we accepted their covenant from the prophets
                                                                e
                                                                Note [édition originale] : When we received their covenant from the prophets;] Jallalo’ddin supposes this covenant was made when Adam’s posterity were drawn forth from his loins, and appeared before God like small ants5: but Marracci conjectures that the covenant here meant was the same which the Talmudists pretend all the prophets entered into with God on mount Sinai, where they were all assembled in person with Moses 6.
                                                                • 5 See chap. 7. p. 135.
                                                                • 6 See chap. 3. p. 46.
                                                                , and from thee, O Mohammed, and from Noah, and Abraham, and Moses, and Jesus the son of Mary, and received from them a firm covenant
                                                                f
                                                                Note [édition originale] : A firm covenant;] Whereby they undertook to execute their several commissions, and promised to preach the religion commanded them by God.
                                                                  ;
                                                                  8
                                                                  that God may examine the speakers of truth concerning their veracity
                                                                  g
                                                                  Note [édition originale] : That God may examine the speakers of truth concerning their veracity;] i.e. That he may at the day of judgment demand of the prophets in what manner they executed their several commissions, and how they were received by their people; or, as the words may also import, that he may examine those who believed on them, concerning their belief, and reward them accordingly.
                                                                    : and he hath prepared a painful torment for the unbelievers.
                                                                    9
                                                                    O true believers, remember the favour of God towards you, when armies of infidels came against you
                                                                    h
                                                                    Note [édition originale] : When armies of infidels came against you;] These were the forces of the Koreish and the tribe of Ghatfân, confederated with the Jews of al Nadhîr and Koreidha, who besieged Medina to the number of twelve thousand men, in the expedition called the war of the ditch.
                                                                      , and we sent against them a wind, and hosts of angels which ye saw not
                                                                      i
                                                                      Note [édition originale] : We sent against them a wind, and hosts of angels, &c.] On the enemies’ approach, Mohammed, by the advice of Salmân the Persian, ordered a deep ditch or entrenchment to be dug round Medina, for the security of the city, and went out to defend it with three thousand men. Both sides remained in their camps near a month, without any other acts of hostility than shooting of arrows and slinging of stones; till, in a winter’s night, God sent a piercing cold east wind, which benumbed the limbs of the confederates, blew the dust in their faces, extinguished their fires, overturned their tents, and put their horses in disorder, the angels at the same time crying, Allah acbar round about their camp; whereupon Toleiha Ebn Khowailed, the Asadite, said aloud, Mohammed is going to attack you with enchantments, wherefore provide for your safety by flight: and accordingly the Koreish first, and afterward the Ghatfânites, broke up the siege, and returned home; which retreat was also not a little owing to the dissensions among the confederate forces, the raising and fomenting whereof the Mohammedans also ascribe to God. It is related that when Mohammed heard that his enemies were retired, he said, I have obtained success by means of the east wind; and Ad perished by the west wind 1.
                                                                      • 1 Al Beidawi, Abulf. vit. Moh. p. 77. &c.
                                                                      : and
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                                                                      God beheld that which ye did.
                                                                      10
                                                                      When they came against you from above you, and from below you
                                                                      a
                                                                      Note [édition originale] : When they came against you from above you, and from below you;] The Ghatfânites pitched on the east side of the town, on the higher part of the valley; and the Koreish on the west side, on the lower part of the valley2.
                                                                      • 2 Idem.
                                                                      , and when your sight became troubled, and your hearts came even to your throats for fear, and ye imagined of God various imaginations
                                                                      b
                                                                      Note [édition originale] : Ye imagined of God various imaginations;] The sincere and those who were more firm of heart fearing they should not be able to stand the trial; and the weaker-hearted and hypocrites thinking themselves delivered up to slaughter and destruction
                                                                        .
                                                                        11
                                                                        There were the faithful tried, and made to tremble with a violent trembling.
                                                                        12
                                                                        And when the hypocrites, and those in whose heart was an infirmity, said, God and his apostle have made you no other than a fallacious promise
                                                                        c
                                                                        Note [édition originale] : And when the hypocrites said, God and his apostle have made you no other than a fallacious promise;] The person who uttered these words, it is said, was Moatteb Ebn Kosheir, who told his fellows that Mohammed had promised them the spoils of the Persians and the Greeks, whereas now not one of them dared to stir out of their intrenchment3.
                                                                        • 3 Idem. V. Abulf. ubi sup. p. 76.
                                                                        .
                                                                        13
                                                                        And when a party of them
                                                                        d
                                                                        Note [édition originale] : When a party of them said, &c.] viz. Aws Ebn Keidhi and his adherents.
                                                                          said, O inhabitants of Yathreb
                                                                          e
                                                                          Note [édition originale] : Yathreb;] This was the ancient and proper name of Medina, or of the territory wherein it stands. Some suppose the town was so named from its founder, Yathreb, the son of Kâbiya, the son of Mahlayel, the son of Aram, the son of Sem, the son of Noah; tho’ others tell us it was built by the Amalekites 4.
                                                                          • 4 Ahmed Ebn Yusof. See the Prelim. Disc. p. 4.
                                                                          , there is no place of security for you here; wherefore return home. And a part of them asked leave of the prophet to depart, saying, Verily our houses are defenceless and exposed to the enemy: but they were not defenceless; and their intention was no other than to fly.
                                                                          14
                                                                          If the city had been entered upon them by the enemy from the parts adjacent, and they had been asked to desart the true believers, and to fight against them; they had surely consented thereto: but they had not, in such case, remained in the same
                                                                          f
                                                                          Note [édition originale] : In the same;] i.e. In the city; or, in their apostasy and rebellion, because the Moslems would surely succeed at last.
                                                                            but a little while.
                                                                            15
                                                                            They had before made a covenant with God, that they would not turn their backs
                                                                            g
                                                                            Note [édition originale] : They had before made a covenant with God, &c.] The persons meant here were Banu Haretha, who having behaved very ill and run away on a certain occasion, promised they would do so no more5.
                                                                            • 5 Al Beidawi.
                                                                            : and the performance of their covenant with God shall be examined into hereafter.
                                                                            16
                                                                            Say, Flight shall not profit you, if ye fly from death or from slaughter: and if it would, yet shall ye not enjoy this world but a little.
                                                                            17
                                                                            Say, Who is he who shall defend you against God, if he is pleased to bring evil on you, or is pleased to shew mercy towards you? They shall
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                                                                            find none to patronize or protect them, besides God.
                                                                            18
                                                                            God already knoweth those among you who hinder others from following his apostle, and who say unto their brethren, Come hither unto us; and who come not to battle, except a little
                                                                            a
                                                                            Note [édition originale] : And who come not to battle, except a little;] Either coming to the army in small numbers, or staying with them but a little while, and then returning on some feigned excuse; or behaving ill in time of action. Some expositors take these words to be part of the speech of the hypocrites, reflecting on Mohammed’s companions for lying idle in the trenches, and not attacking the enemy.
                                                                              :
                                                                              19
                                                                              being covetous towards you
                                                                              b
                                                                              Note [édition originale] : Being covetous towards you;] i.e. Sparing of their assistance either in person or with their purse; or, being greedy after the booty.
                                                                                : but when fear cometh on them, thou seest them look unto thee for assistance, their eyes rolling about like the eyes of him who fainteth by reason of the agonies of death: yet when their fear is past they inveigh against you with sharp tongues; being covetous of the best and most valuable part of the spoils. These believe not sincerely; wherefore God hath rendered their works of no avail; and this is easy with God.
                                                                                20
                                                                                They imagined that the confederates would not depart and raise the siege: and if the confederates should come another time, they would wish to live in the deserts among the Arabs who dwell in tents
                                                                                c
                                                                                Note [édition originale] : They would wish to live in the departs, &c.] That they might be absent, and not obliged to go to war.
                                                                                  , and there to inquire after news concerning you; and although they were with you this time, yet they fought not, except a little.
                                                                                  21
                                                                                  Ye have in the apostle of God an excellent example
                                                                                  d
                                                                                  Note [édition originale] : Ye have in the apostle of God an excellent example;] viz. Of firmness in time of danger, of confidence in the divine assistance, and of piety by fervent prayer for the same.
                                                                                    , unto him who hopeth in God, and the last day, and remembereth God frequently.
                                                                                    22
                                                                                    When the true believers saw the confederates, they said, This is what God and his apostle have foretold us
                                                                                    e
                                                                                    Note [édition originale] : This is what God and his apostle have foretold us;] Namely, That we must not expect to enter paradise without undergoing some trials and tribulations1. There is a tradition that Mohammed actually foretold this expedition of confederates some time before, and the success of it2.
                                                                                    • 1 See chap. 2. p. 24, chap. 3. p. 52, chap. 29. p. 325, &c.
                                                                                    • 2 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                    ; and God and his apostle have spoken the truth: and it only increased their faith and resignation.
                                                                                    23
                                                                                    Of the true believers some men justly performed what they had promised unto God
                                                                                    f
                                                                                    Note [édition originale] : Some men justly performed what they had promised unto God;] By standing firm with the prophet, and strenuously opposing the enemies of the true religion, according to their engagement.
                                                                                      ; and some of them have finished their course
                                                                                      g
                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : Some of them have finished their course ;] Or, as the words may be translated, have fulfilled their vow, or paid their debt to nature, by falling martyrs in battle; as did Hamza, Mohammed’s uncle, Masab Ebn Omair, and Ans Ebn al Nadr 3, who were slain at the battle of Ohod. The martyrs at the war of the ditch were six, including Saad Ebn Moadh, who died of his wound about a month after4.
                                                                                      • 3 Idem.
                                                                                      • 4 Abulf. vit. Moh. p. 79.
                                                                                      , and some of them wait the same advantage
                                                                                      h
                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : And some of them wait the same advantage;] As Othmân and Telha 5.
                                                                                      • 5 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                      ; and they changed not their promise by deviating therefrom in the least:
                                                                                      24
                                                                                      that God may reward the just performers of their covenant for their fidelity; and may punish the hypocritical, if he pleaseth, or may be turned unto them; for God is ready to forgive, and merciful.
                                                                                      25
                                                                                      God hath driven back the infidels in their wrath: they obtained no advantage; and God was a sufficient protector unto the faithful in battle; for
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                                                                                      God is strong and mighty.
                                                                                      26
                                                                                      And he hath caused such of those who have received the scriptures, as assisted the confederates, to come down out of their fortresses
                                                                                      a
                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : Such of those who have received the scriptures, as assisted the confederates;] These were the Jews of the tribe of Koreidha, who, tho’ they were in league with Mohammed, had, at the incessant persuasion of Caab Ebn Asad, a principal man among them, perfidiously gone over to his enemies in this war of the ditch, and were severely punished for it. For the next morning, after the confederate forces had decamped, Mohammed and his men returned to Medina, and, laying down their arms, began to refresh themselves after their fatigue; upon which Gabriel came to the prophet and asked him whether he had suffered his people to lay down their arms, when the angels had not laid down theirs; and ordering him to go immediately against the Koradhites, assuring him that himself would lead the way. Mohammed, in obedience to the divine command, having caused public proclamation to be made that every one should pray that afternoon for success against the sons of Koreidha, set forward upon the expedition without loss of time; and being arrived at the fortress of the Koradhites, besieged them for twenty-five days, at the end of which those people, being in great terror and distress, capitulated, and at length, not daring to trust to Mohammed’s mercy, surrendered at the discretion of Saad Ebn Moadh 1, hoping that he, being the prince of the tribe of Aws, their old friends and confederates, would have some regard for them. But they were deceived: for Saad, being greatly incensed at their breach of faith, had begged of God that he might not die of the wound he had received at the ditch till he saw vengeance taken on the Koradhites, and therefore adjudged that the men should be put to the sword, the women and children made slaves, and their goods be divided among the Moslems; which sentence Mohammed had no sooner heard than he cried out, That Saad had pronounced the sentence of God: and the same was accordingly executed, the number of men who were slain amounting to six hundred, or, as others say, to seven hundred, or very near, among whom were Hoyai Ebn Akhtab, a great enemy of Mohammed’s, and Caab Ebn Asad, who had been the chief occasion of the revolt of their tribe: and soon after Saad, who had given judgment against them, died, his wound, which had been skinned over, opening again2.
                                                                                      • 1 See chap. 8. p. 142.
                                                                                      • 2 Al Beidawi, Abulf. Vit. Moh. p. 77. & Gagnier, Vie de Mahomet, l. 4, c. i 2.
                                                                                      , and he cast into their hearts terror and dismay
                                                                                      b
                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : And cast into their hearts terror and dismay;] This was the work of Gabriel, who, according to his promise, went before the army of Moslems. It is said that Mohammed, a little before he came to the settlement of the Koradhites, asking some of his men whether anybody had passed them, they answered, that Dohya Ebn Kholeifa, the Calbite, had just passed by them, mounted on a white mule, with housings of satin: to which he replied, That person was the angel Gabriel, who is sent to the sons of Koreidha to shake their castles, and to strike their hearts with fear and consternation 3.
                                                                                      • 3 Ebn Ishak.
                                                                                      : a part of them ye slew, and a part ye made captives;
                                                                                      27
                                                                                      and God hath caused you to inherit their land, and their houses, and their wealth
                                                                                      c
                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : And God hath caused you to inherit their land, &c.] Their immovable possessions Mohammed gave to the Mohâjerin, saying, that the Ansârs were in their own houses, but that the others were destitute of habitations. The movables were divided among his followers, but he remitted the fifth part, which was usual to be taken in other cases4.
                                                                                      • 4 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                      , and a land on which ye have not trodden
                                                                                      d
                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : A land on which ye have not trodden;] By which some suppose Persia and Greece are meant; others, Khaibar; and others, whatever lands the Moslems may conquer till the day of judgment5.
                                                                                      • 5 Idem.
                                                                                      ; for God is almighty.
                                                                                      28
                                                                                      O prophet, say unto thy wives, If ye seek this present life, and the pomp thereof, come, I will make a handsome provision for you, and I will dismiss you with an honourable dismission
                                                                                      e
                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : O prophet, say unto thy wives, If ye seek this present life, &c.] This passage was revealed on Mohammed’s wives asking for more sumptuous clothes, and an additional allowance for their expenses; and he had no sooner received it than he gave them their option, either to continue with him or to be divorced, beginning with Ayesha, who chose God and his apostle, and the rest followed her example; upon which the prophet thanked them, and the following words were revealed, viz. It shall not be lawful for thee to take other women to wife hereafter 1, &c. From hence some have concluded that wife who has her option given her, and chuses to stay with her husband, shall not be divorced, tho’ others are of a contrary opinion2.
                                                                                      • 1 See after, in this chap. p. 349.
                                                                                      • 2 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                      ;
                                                                                      29
                                                                                      but
                                                                                      Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                      if ye seek God and his apostle, and the life to come, verily God hath prepared for such of you as work righteousness a great reward.
                                                                                      30
                                                                                      O wives of the prophet, whosoever of you shall commit a manifest wickedness, the punishment thereof shall be doubled unto her twofold
                                                                                      a
                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : Her punishment shall be doubled;] For the crime would be more enormous and unpardonable in them, because of their superior condition, and the grace which they have received from God; whence it is that the punishment of a free person is ordained to be double to that of a slave3, and prophets are more severely reprimanded for their faults than other men4.
                                                                                      • 3 See chap. 4. p. 64.
                                                                                      • 4 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                      ; and this is easy with God:
                                                                                      31
                                                                                      but whosoever of you shall be obedient unto God and his apostle, and shall do that which is right, we will give her reward twice
                                                                                      b
                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : We will give her reward twice;] viz. Once for her obedience, and a second time for her conjugal affection to the prophet, and handsome behaviour to him.
                                                                                        , and we have prepared for her an honourable provision in paradise.
                                                                                        32
                                                                                        O wives of the prophet, ye are not as other women: if ye fear God, be not too complaisant in speech, lest he should covet, in whose heart is a disease of incontinence; but speak the speech which is convenient.
                                                                                        33
                                                                                        And sit still in your houses; and set not out yourselves with the ostentation of the former time of ignorance
                                                                                        c
                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : With the ostentation of the former time of ignorance;] That is, in the old time of idolatry. Some suppose the times before the Flood, or the time of Abraham, to be here intended, when women adorned themselves with all their finery, and went abroad into the streets to shew themselves to the men5.
                                                                                        • 5 Idem.
                                                                                        : and observe the appointed times of prayer, and give alms; and obey God, and his apostle; for God desireth only to remove from you the abomination of vanity, since ye are the household of the prophet, and to purify you by a perfect purification
                                                                                        d
                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : God desireth only to remove from you the abomination, &c.] The pronouns of the second person in this part of the passage being of the masculine gender, the Shiites pretend the sentence has no connection with the foregoing or the following words; and will have it that by the household of the prophet are particularly meant Fâtema and Ali, and their two sons, Hasan and Hosein, to whom these words are directed6.
                                                                                        • 6 Idem.
                                                                                        .
                                                                                        34
                                                                                        And remember that which is read in your houses, of the signs of God, and of the wisdom revealed in the Koran ; for God is clear-sighted, and well acquainted with your actions.
                                                                                        35
                                                                                        Verily the Moslems of either sex, and the true believers of either sex, and the devout men, and the devout women, and the men of veracity, and the women of veracity, and the patient men, and the patient women, and the humble men, and the humble women, and the alms-givers of either sex, and the men who fast, and the women who fast, and the chaste men, and the chaste women, and those of either sex who remember God frequently; for them hath God prepared forgiveness, and a great reward.
                                                                                        36
                                                                                        It is not fit for a true believer of either sex, when God and his apostle have decreed a thing, that they should have the liberty of choosing a different matter of their own
                                                                                        e
                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : It is not fit for a true believer, when God and his apostle have decreed a thing, that they should have the liberty of choosing, &c.] This verse was revealed on account of Zeinab (or Zenobia), the daughter of Jahash, and wife of Zeid, Mohammed’s freedman, whom the prophet sought in marriage, but received a repulse from the lady and her brother Abdallah, they being at first averse to the match: for which they are here reprehended. The mother of Zeinab, it is said, was Amîma, the daughter of Abd’almotalleb, and aunt to Mohammed 1.
                                                                                        • 1 Al Beidawi, Jallalo’ddin.
                                                                                        : and whoever is disobedient unto
                                                                                        Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                        God and his apostle surely erreth with a manifest error.
                                                                                        37
                                                                                        And remember when thou saidst to him unto whom God had been gracious
                                                                                        a
                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : When thou saidst to him unto whom God had been gracious;] viz. Zeid Ebn Haretha, on whom God had bestowed the grace early to become a Moslem.
                                                                                          , and on whom thou also hadst conferred favours
                                                                                          b
                                                                                          Note [édition originale] : And on whom thou also hadst conferred favours;] By giving him his liberty, and adopting him for thy son, &c.
                                                                                          Zeid was of the tribe of Calb, a branch of the Khodaites, descended from Hamyar, the son of Saba; and being taken in his childhood by a party of freebooters, was bought by Mohammed, or, as others say, by his wife Khadijah before she married him. Some years after, Haretha, hearing where his son was, took a journey to Mecca, and offered a considerable sum for his ransom; whereupon, Mohammed said, Let Zeid come hither: and if he chuses to go with you, take him without ransom: but if it be his choice to stay with me, why should I not keep him? And Zeid being come, declared that he would stay with his master, who treated him as if he were his only son. Mohammed no sooner heard this, but he took Zeid by the hand, and led him to the black stone of the Caaba, where he publickly adopted him for his son, and constituted him his heir, with which the father acquiesced, and returned home well satisfied. From this time Zeid was called the son of Mohammed, till the publication of Islâm, after which the prophet gave him to wife Zeinab 2.
                                                                                          • 2 Al Jannabi. V. Gagnier, Vie de Moh. l, 4. c. 3.
                                                                                          , Keep thy wife to thyself, and fear God: and thou didst conceal that in thy mind which God had determined to discover
                                                                                          c
                                                                                          Note [édition originale] : And thou didst conceal that in thy mind which God had determined to discover ;] Namely, thy affection to Zeinab. The whole intrigue is artfully enough unfolded in this passage. The story is as follows:
                                                                                          Some years after his marriage, Mohammed, going to Zeid’s house on some affair, and not finding him at home, accidentally cast his eyes on Zeinab, who was then in a dress which discovered her beauty to advantage, and was so smitten at the sight, that he could not forbear crying out, God be praised, who turneth the hearts of men as he pleaseth! This Zeinab failed not to acquaint her husband with on his return home; whereupon, Zeid, after mature reflection, thought he could do no less than part with his wife in favour of his benefactor, and therefore resolved to divorce her, and acquainted Mohammed with his resolution; but he, apprehending the scandal it might raise, offered to dissuade him from it, and endeavoured to stifle the flames which inwardly consumed him; but at length, his love for her being authorized by this revelation, he acquiesced, and after the term of her divorce was expired, married her in the latter end of the fifth year of the Hejra 3.
                                                                                          • 3 Al Beidawi, al Jannabi, &c.
                                                                                          , and didst fear men; whereas it was more just that thou shouldest fear God. But when Zeid
                                                                                          d
                                                                                          Note [édition originale] : Zeid;] It is observed that this is the only person, of all Mohammed’s companions, whose name is mentioned in the Korân.
                                                                                            had determined the matter concerning her, and had resolved to divorce her, we joined her in marriage unto thee
                                                                                            e
                                                                                            Note [édition originale] : We joined her in marriage unto thee;] Whence Zeinab used to vaunt herself above the prophet’s other wives, saying that God had made the match between Mohammed and herself, whereas their matches were made by their relations4.
                                                                                            • 4 Idem.
                                                                                            ; lest a crime should be charged on the true believers, in marrying the wives of their adopted sons, when they have determined the matter concerning them
                                                                                            f
                                                                                            Note [édition originale] : Lest a crime should be charged on the true believers, in marrying the wives of their adopted sons, &c.] For this feigned relation, as has been observed, created an impediment of marriage among the old Arabs within the prohibited degrees, in the same manner as if it had been real; and therefore Mohammed’s marrying Zeinab, who had been his adopted son’s wife, occasioned great scandal among his followers, which was much heightened by the Jews and hypocrites: but the custom is here declared unreasonable, and abolished for the future.
                                                                                              ; and
                                                                                              Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                              the command of God is to be performed.
                                                                                              38
                                                                                              No crime is to be charged on the prophet, as to what God hath allowed him, conformable to the ordinance of God with regard to those who preceded him (for the command of God is a determinate decree),
                                                                                              39
                                                                                              who brought the messages of God, and feared him, and feared none besides God: and God is a sufficient accountant.
                                                                                              40
                                                                                              Mohammed is not the father of any man among you; but the apostle of God, and the seal of the prophets: and God knoweth all things.
                                                                                              41
                                                                                              O true believers, remember God with a frequent remembrance,
                                                                                              42
                                                                                              and celebrate his praise morning and evening.
                                                                                              43
                                                                                              It is he who is gracious unto you, and his angels intercede for you, that he may lead you forth from darkness into light; and he is merciful towards the true believers.
                                                                                              44
                                                                                              Their salutation, on the day whereon they shall meet him, shall be, Peace! and he hath prepared for them an honourable recompense.
                                                                                              45
                                                                                              O prophet, verily we have sent thee to be a witness, and a bearer of good tidings, and a denouncer of threats,
                                                                                              46
                                                                                              and an inviter unto God, through his good pleasure, and a shining light.
                                                                                              47
                                                                                              Bear good tidings therefore unto the true believers, that they shall receive great abundance from God.
                                                                                              48
                                                                                              And obey not the unbelievers, and the hypocrites, and mind not their evil treatment: but trust in God; and God is a sufficient protector.
                                                                                              49
                                                                                              O true believers, when ye marry women who are believers, and afterwards put them away, before ye have touched them, there is no term prescribed you to fulfil towards them
                                                                                              a
                                                                                              Note [édition originale] : There is no term prescribed you to fulfil towards them;] That is, Ye are not obliged to keep them any certain time before ye dismiss them, as ye are those with whom the marriage has been consummated. See chap. 2. p. 26.
                                                                                                after their divorce: but make them a present
                                                                                                b
                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Make them a present;] i.e. If no dower has been assigned them: for if a dower has been assigned, the husband is obliged, according to the Sonna, to give the woman half the dower agreed on, besides a present1. This is still to be understood of such women with whom the marriage has not been consummated.
                                                                                                • 1 Idem.
                                                                                                , and dismiss them freely with an honourable dismission.
                                                                                                50
                                                                                                O prophet, we have allowed thee thy wives unto whom thou hast given their dower, and also the slaves which thy right hand possesseth, of the booty which God hath granted thee
                                                                                                c
                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : The of the booty which God hath granted thee;] It is said, therefore, that the women slaves which he should buy are not included in this grant.
                                                                                                  ; and the daughters of thy uncle, and the daughters of thy aunts, both on thy father’s side, and on thy mother’s side, who have fled with thee from Mecca
                                                                                                  d
                                                                                                  Note [édition originale] : Who have fled with thee from Mecca;] But not the others. It is related of Omm Hâni, the daughter of Abu Taleb, that she should say, The apostle of God courted me for his wife, but I excused myself to him, and he accepted of my excuse: afterwards this verse was revealed; but he was not thereby allowed to marry me, because I fled not with him 2.
                                                                                                  It may be observed that Dr. Prideaux is much mistaken when he asserts that Mohammed, in this chapter, brings in God exempting him from the law in the fourth chapter3, whereby the Moslems are forbidden to marry within certain degrees, and giving him an especial privilege to take to wife the daughter of his brother, or the daughter of his sister4.
                                                                                                  • 2 Idem.
                                                                                                  • 3 Pag. 63.
                                                                                                  • 4 See Prid. Life of Moh. p. 116.
                                                                                                  , and any other believing woman, if she give herself unto the prophet
                                                                                                  e
                                                                                                  Note [édition originale] : And any other believing woman, if she give herself unto the prophet;] Without demanding any dower. According to a tradition of Ebn Abbas, the prophet, however, married no woman without assigning her a dower. The commentators are not agreed who was the woman particularly meant in this passage; but they name four who are supposed to have thus given themselves to the prophet, viz. Maimûna Bint al Hareth, Zeinab Bint Khozaima, Ghozîa Bint Jâber, surnamed Omm Shoraic (which three he actually married), and Khawla Bint Hakim, whom, as it seems, he rejected.
                                                                                                    ; in case the prophet desireth to take her to wife. This is a peculiar
                                                                                                    Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                    privilege granted unto thee above the rest of the true believers
                                                                                                    a
                                                                                                    Note [édition originale] : This is a peculiar privilege granted unto thee, above the rest of the true believers;] For no Moslem can legally marry above four wives, whether free women or slaves; whereas Mohammed is, by the preceding passage, left at liberty to take as many as he pleased, tho’ with some restrictions.
                                                                                                      . We know what we have ordained them concerning their wives, and the slaves which their right hands possess: lest it should be deemed a crime in thee to make use of the privilege granted thee; for God is gracious and merciful.
                                                                                                      51
                                                                                                      Thou mayest postpone the turn of such of thy wives as thou shalt please, in being called to thy bed; and thou mayest take unto thee her whom thou shalt please, and her whom thou shalt desire of those whom thou shalt have before rejected: and it shall be no crime in thee
                                                                                                      b
                                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : Thou mayest postpone the turn of such of thy wives as thou shalt please, &c.] By this passage some farther privileges were granted unto Mohammed; for, whereas other men are obliged to carry themselves equally towards their wives1, in case they had more than one, particularly as to the duties of the marriage bed, to which each has a right to be called in her turn (which right was acknowledged in the most early ages2,) and cannot take again a wife whom they have divorced the third time, till she has been married to another and divorced by him3, the prophet was left absolutely at liberty to deal with them in these and other respects as he thought fit.
                                                                                                      • 1 See Kor. chap. 4. p. 60, &c.
                                                                                                      • 2 See Genes. xxx. 14, &c.
                                                                                                      • 3 See chap. 2. p. 27.
                                                                                                      . This will be more easy, that they may be entirely content, and may not be grieved, but may be well pleased with what thou shalt give every of them: God knoweth whatever is in your hearts; and God is knowing and gracious.
                                                                                                      52
                                                                                                      It shall not be lawful for thee to take other women to wife hereafter
                                                                                                      c
                                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : It shall not be lawful for thee to take other women to wife hereafter;] The commentators differ as to the express meaning of these words. Some think Mohammed was thereby forbidden to take any more wives than nine, which number he then had, and is supposed to have been his stint, as four was that of other men; some imagine that after this prohibition, tho’ any of the wives he then had should die or be divorced, yet he could not marry another in her room: some think he was only forbidden from this time forward to marry any other woman than one of the four sorts mentioned in the preceding passage; and others 4 are of opinion that this verse is abrogated by the two preceding verses, or one of them, and was revealed before them, tho’ it be read after them5.
                                                                                                      • 4 As Abu’l Kasem Hebatallah.
                                                                                                      • 5 Al Zamakh. Al Beidawi, Jallalo’ddin, &c.
                                                                                                      , nor to exchange any of thy wives for them
                                                                                                      d
                                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : Nor to exchange any of thy wives for them;] By divorcing her and marrying another. Al Zamakhshari tells us that some are of opinion this prohibition is to be understood of a particular kind of exchange used among the idolatrous Arabs, whereby two men made a mutual exchange of their wives without any other formality.
                                                                                                        , although their beauty please thee; except the slaves whom thy right hand shall possess: and God observeth all things.
                                                                                                        53
                                                                                                        O true believer, enter not the houses of the prophet, unless it be permitted you to eat meat with him, without waiting his convenient time; but when ye are invited, then enter. And when ye shall have eaten, disperse yourselves; and stay not to enter into familiar discourse: for this incommodeth the prophet. He is ashamed to bid you depart; but God is not ashamed of the truth. And when ye ask of the prophet’s wives what ye may have occasion
                                                                                                        Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                        for, ask it of them from behind a curtain
                                                                                                        a
                                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : Ask it of them from behind a curtain That is, let there be a curtain drawn between you, or let them be veiled while ye talk with them. As the design of the former precept was to prevent the impertinence of troublesome visitors, the design of this was to guard against too near an intercourse or familiarity between his wives and his followers; and was occasioned, it is said, by the hand of one of his companions accidentally touching that of Ayesha, which gave the prophet some uneasiness1.
                                                                                                        • 1 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                        . This will be more pure for your hearts and their hearts. Neither is it fit for you to give any uneasiness to the apostle of God, or to marry his wives after him for ever
                                                                                                        b
                                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : Neither is it fit for you to marry his wives after him;] i.e. Either such as he shall divorce in his lifetime, or his widows after his death. This was another privilege peculiar to the prophet.
                                                                                                        It is related that, in the Khalifat of Omar, Ashath Ebn Kais married the woman whom Mohammed had dismissed without consummating his marriage with her2; upon which the Khalîf at first was thinking to stone her, but afterwards changed his mind, on its being represented to him that this prohibition related only to such women to whom the prophet had gone in3.
                                                                                                        • 2 See before, p. 348. not. c.
                                                                                                        • 3 Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                        : for this would be a grievous thing in the sight of God.
                                                                                                        54
                                                                                                        Whether ye divulge a thing or conceal it, verily God knoweth all things.
                                                                                                        55
                                                                                                        It shall be no crime in them, as to their fathers, or their sons, or their brothers, or their brothers’ sons, or their sisters’ sons, or their women, or the slaves which their right hands possess, if they speak to them unveiled
                                                                                                        c
                                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : See chap. 24. p. 291.
                                                                                                          : and fear ye God
                                                                                                          d
                                                                                                          Note [édition originale] : Fear ye God;] The words are directed to the prophet’s wives.
                                                                                                            ; for God is witness of all things.
                                                                                                            56
                                                                                                            Verily God and his angels bless the prophet. O true believers, do ye also bless him, and salute him with a respectful salutation
                                                                                                            e
                                                                                                            Note [édition originale] : Bless the prophet, and salute him;] Hence the Mohammedans seldom mention his name without adding, On whom be the blessing of God and peace! or the like words.
                                                                                                              .
                                                                                                              57
                                                                                                              As to those who offend God and his apostle, God shall curse them in this world and in the next; and he hath prepared for them a shameful punishment.
                                                                                                              58
                                                                                                              And they who shall injure the true believers of either sex, without their deserving it, shall surely bear the guilt of calumny and a manifest injustice
                                                                                                              f
                                                                                                              Note [édition originale] : They who shall injure the true believers, &c.] This verse was revealed, according to some, on occasion of certain hypocrites who had slandered Ali; or, according to others, on occasion of those who falsely accused Ayesha 4, &c.
                                                                                                              • 4 See chap. 24.
                                                                                                              .
                                                                                                              59
                                                                                                              O prophet, speak unto thy wives, and thy daughters, and the wives of the true believers, that they cast their outer garments
                                                                                                              g
                                                                                                              Note [édition originale] : Their outer garments;] The original word properly signifies the large wrappers, usually of white linen, with which the women in the east cover themselves from head to foot when they go abroad.
                                                                                                                over them when they walk abroad; this will be more proper, that they may be known to be matrons of reputation, and may not be affronted by unseemly words or actions. God is gracious and merciful.
                                                                                                                60
                                                                                                                Verily if the hypocrites, and those in whose hearts is an infirmity, and they who raise disturbances in Medina, do not desist, we will surely stir thee up against them, to chastise them: henceforth they shall not be suffered to dwell near thee therein, except for a little time,
                                                                                                                61
                                                                                                                and being accursed; wherever they are found they shall be taken, and killed with a general slaughter,
                                                                                                                62
                                                                                                                according to the sentence of God concerning those who have been before; and thou shalt not find any change in the sentence of God.
                                                                                                                63
                                                                                                                Men will ask thee concerning the approach of the last hour; answer, Verily
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                                                                                                                the knowledge thereof is with God alone; and he will not inform thee: peradventure the hour is nigh at hand.
                                                                                                                64
                                                                                                                Verily God hath cursed the infidels, and hath prepared for them a fierce fire,
                                                                                                                65
                                                                                                                wherein they shall remain forever: they shall find no patron or defender.
                                                                                                                66
                                                                                                                On the day whereon their faces shall be rolled in hell fire, they shall say, Oh that we had obeyed God, and had obeyed his apostle!
                                                                                                                67
                                                                                                                And they shall say, O Lord, verily we have obeyed our lords, and our great men; and they have seduced us from the right way.
                                                                                                                68
                                                                                                                O Lord, give them the double of our punishment; and curse them with a heavy curse!
                                                                                                                69
                                                                                                                O true believers, be not as those who injured Moses; but God cleared him from the scandal which they had spoken concerning him
                                                                                                                a
                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Be not as those who injured Moses, &c.] The commentators are not agreed what this injury was. Some say that Moses using to wash himself apart, certain malicious people gave out that he had a rupture (or, say others, that he was a leper, or an hermaphrodite), and for that reason was ashamed to wash with them; but God cleared him from this aspersion by causing the stone on which he had laid his clothes while he washed to run away with them into the camp, whither Moses followed it naked; and by that means the Israelites, in the midst of whom he was gotten ere he was aware, plainly perceived the falsehood of the report. Others suppose Karûn’s accusation of Moses is here intended1, or else the suspicion of Aaron’s murder, which was cast on Moses because he was with him when he died on mount Hor; of which latter he was justified by the angels bringing his body and exposing it to public view, or, say some, by the testimony of Aaron himself, who was raised to life for that purpose2.
                                                                                                                The passage is said to have been occasioned by reflections which were cast on Mohammed, on his dividing certain spoils; and that when they came to his ear, he said, God be merciful unto my brother Moses: he was wronged more than this, and bore it with patience 3.
                                                                                                                • 1 See chap. 28. p. 323.
                                                                                                                • 2 Jallalo’ddin, Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                                • 3 Al Bokhari.
                                                                                                                ; and he was of great consideration in the sight of God
                                                                                                                b
                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : He was of great consideration in the sight of God;] Some copies for inda read abda, according to which the words should be translated, And he was an illustrious servant of God.
                                                                                                                  .
                                                                                                                  70
                                                                                                                  O true believers, fear God, and speak words well directed:
                                                                                                                  71
                                                                                                                  that God may correct your works for you, and may forgive you your sins: and whoever shall obey God and his apostle shall enjoy great felicity.
                                                                                                                  72
                                                                                                                  We proposed the faith unto the heavens, and the earth, and the mountains: and they refused to undertake the same, and were afraid thereof; but man undertook it
                                                                                                                  c
                                                                                                                  Note [édition originale] : We proposed the faith unto the heavens, and the earth, and the mountains, &c.] By faith is here understood entire obedience to the law of God, which is represented to be of so high concern (no less than eternal happiness or misery depending on the observance or neglect thereof), and so difficult in the performance, that if God should propose the same on the conditions annexed, to the vaster parts of the creation, and they had understanding to comprehend the offer, they would decline it, and not dare to take on them a duty, the failing wherein must be attended with so terrible a consequence; and yet man is said to have undertaken it, notwithstanding his weakness and the infirmities of his nature. Some imagine this proposal is not hypothetical, but was actually made to the heavens, earth, and mountains, which at their first creation were indued with reason, and that God told them he had made a law, and had created paradise for the recompense of such as were obedient to it, and hell for the punishment of the disobedient; to which they answered they were content to be obliged to perform the services for which they were created, but would not undertake to fulfil the divine law on those conditions, and therefore desired neither reward nor punishment; they add that when Adam was created, the same offer was made to him, and he accepted it4. The commentators have other explications of this passage, which it would be too prolix to transcribe.
                                                                                                                  • 4 Jallalo’ddin, Al Beidawi.
                                                                                                                  : verily he was unjust to himself, and
                                                                                                                  Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                  foolish
                                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                                  Note [édition originale] : He was unjust to himself and foolish;] Unjust to himself in not fulfilling his engagements and obeying the law he had accepted; and foolish in not considering the consequence of his disobedience and neglect.
                                                                                                                    ;
                                                                                                                    73
                                                                                                                    that God may punish the hypocritical men, and the hypocritical women, and the idolaters, and the idolatresses; and that God may be turned unto the true believers, both men and women; for God is gracious and merciful.
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                                                                                                                    Postnikov ?, 1716Contexte
                                                                                                                    X
                                                                                                                    ГЛАВА О ВЕТХИХ ВОИСКАХ.
                                                                                                                    СОДЕРЖИТ ОСМЬДЕСЯТ СЕДМЬ СТИХОВ, ПИСАННЫХ В МЕДИНЕ.
                                                                                                                    Во имя бога щедраго и милостиваго.
                                                                                                                    1
                                                                                                                    О пророче боися бога, не послушаи неверных ! Бог весть вся, и есть умныи.
                                                                                                                    2
                                                                                                                    Еже он повелевает сохрани, Господь твои ти повеле, он весть что человецы творят.
                                                                                                                    3
                                                                                                                    Преопочии в бозе, доволно ти того будет, что тя он защищает,
                                                                                                                    4
                                                                                                                    не даде человеком два сердца. Он нам не повеле называти ваших жен, ваших матереи, и всех что вы называете вашими детми, не суть дети ваши, вы токмо глаголете их уст, бог бо речет всегда истинну, и приводит человец на путь истинныи.
                                                                                                                    5
                                                                                                                    призываите ближних ваших именем отцев их, сие деиство будет угодно богу. Аще вы не имеете злаго намерения в сердце вашем, аще и незнаете имене его, назовите братом вашим по бозе, или мои господин, бог есть щедр и милостив.
                                                                                                                    6
                                                                                                                    пророк послушныи есть сим, которые веруют в бога, которые почитают жен своих яко матереи. сродники бо суть владетели един единого. повелено убо есть от его великого божества, верным, которые вышли из мекки, последовати пророку. повелено есть в писании творити добро вашим сродником.
                                                                                                                    7
                                                                                                                    Воспомяни ты, како прияхом обещание от пророков, от тебе, от Ноя, Авраама, и Моисеа, и от Иисуса сына Мариина, [да бы молитися единому богу].
                                                                                                                    8
                                                                                                                    Мы прияли крепкое обещание : спросим у них ответ делом их. Нечестивые услышат жестокость и труд безконечныи.
                                                                                                                    9
                                                                                                                    О которые веруете в бога, воспомяните о милости которую он вам показа, когда спасе вас от воиск неприятелских, подаде вам прежестокии ветер, и воиско неизвестное пред очима вашима за вас битися, он видит вся что вы творите,
                                                                                                                    10
                                                                                                                    сие воиско невидимо пришло от востока и запада. когда ваше зрение помешалося, и потрясеся сердце ваше от неприятелеи, числа ради великого, понеже вы прияли худое намерение о законе божеском,
                                                                                                                    11
                                                                                                                    тогда правоверные были о сем испытаны, потряслися от страха
                                                                                                                    12
                                                                                                                    нечестивыя, и которыя были слабы в вере своеи, и рекли все, что бог обеща и пророки его, не есть иное токмо обман и суетность.
                                                                                                                    13
                                                                                                                    Воспомяни, како некоторая часть рекли работником мединским, несть истинны вам при Магомете, идите в домы ваша, воспомяни ты, како многие от них прощалися с тобою, и рекли что их домы были оставлены, но их домы не были оставлены токмо они имели намерение убежати,
                                                                                                                    14
                                                                                                                    чтоб им позволили последовати нечестию, и не сотворили сие долгое время, понеже они обещалися богу, да бы не бежати.
                                                                                                                    15
                                                                                                                    вопроси от них ответа о обещании их.
                                                                                                                    16
                                                                                                                    рцы им : сеи бег вам будет в туне, не убежите бо смерти, понеже вы не долго будете жит во свете.
                                                                                                                    17
                                                                                                                    рцы им : кто вас может защитити от бога, когда вас изженет. не приимаите иного защитителя кроме его.
                                                                                                                    18
                                                                                                                    он знает сих, которые вам не советовали идти на бои ради имения своего, и ради пощады самих себе.
                                                                                                                    19
                                                                                                                    он дает свет тебе, когда они объяты были страхом, тогда обращают очи свои, аки бы были мертвы. когда же избавилися от страха, уклонилися от тебе своея ради скупости. Такия человецы не веруют в бога, и своя труды отдают без плодно, сие есть свободно сотворити богу.
                                                                                                                    20
                                                                                                                    воиски неверных чаяли что они не побеждени будут. но егда увидели воиско правоверных, абие озжелали в бегство обратитися, неверные хотели привлещи к себе арапов, и истязовалися о ведомостях ваших, дабы знати о состоянии вашем. аще бы они были от вашея страны, мало бы между ими были побиты.
                                                                                                                    21
                                                                                                                    пророки и апостоли божеския суть ваши защитители сим которые помышляют о дни судном, и которые мыслят о его великом божестве.
                                                                                                                    22
                                                                                                                    Правоверные рекли, зрите что бог и пророки обещали, они суть совершенныи во обещании своем. вид неприятелеи их умножи им верою, и их намерение богу и пророку его.
                                                                                                                    23
                                                                                                                    суть некоторые между правоверными, которые были совершеннии от бога, многие между ими умерли в послушании его божества, иные ожидают тогоже, непротивятся обещанию своему.
                                                                                                                    24
                                                                                                                    бог им воздаст по делом их, а накажет неверных и простит кому хощет, он есть щедр и милостив.
                                                                                                                    25
                                                                                                                    бог изженет неверных с гневом противу верных. он защищает правоверных на бою, он есть крепкии и всемогущии.
                                                                                                                    26
                                                                                                                    Жиды изыдоша из своя крепости, да бы дати вспоможение неверным, токмо бог всели в сердца их страх, и поби неколико, а иных взяв в неволство.
                                                                                                                    27
                                                                                                                    они учинили вас по смерти своеи владетелями в домех своих, и обогатиша вас, и крепостми своими одариша, чего вы не можете обрести, бог есть всемогущии.
                                                                                                                    28
                                                                                                                    О пророче : аще твои жены суть люботщетны имением земным, и одеждами велми пребогатыми, призови их, и рцы : что ты им сотвориши добро, и изженеши с тихостию и кротостию.
                                                                                                                    29
                                                                                                                    аще они любят бога, и его пророка, суть научени от его великого божества, даст им превелие возмездие.
                                                                                                                    30
                                                                                                                    О жены пророчи ! аще которыя между вами суть безчестни, будут наказани сугубо, паче иных жен, сие свободно есть творити богу.
                                                                                                                    31
                                                                                                                    аще которыя между вами послушают бога и его пророка, и будут творити добрыя дела, будут возмездие имети сугубо, паче иных жен, уготовано вам есть превелие возмездие.
                                                                                                                    32
                                                                                                                    О жены пророка ! вы неесте такия жены яко иныя во свете. боитеся бога, и не слушаите разговоров сих, которые имеют намерение вас осквернити. глаголите с тихостию,
                                                                                                                    33
                                                                                                                    пребудите в домех ваших, не объявляите красоты вашея, не тако, како творили прежде сего безумныя. молитеся богу с прилежностию, творите с милостию. послушаите бога и пророков, он вас хощет избавити от гнева своего, и хощет вас очистити.
                                                                                                                    34
                                                                                                                    воспомяните како вам показан есть закон в домех ваших, он есть милосерд тем, которые его почитают,
                                                                                                                    35
                                                                                                                    он весть вся что творят пророцы их, и обеща свое милосердие. и превелие благодарение сим, которые послушали его приказание. Которые послушали его единства, и преопочили в воли его божескои, и суть те терпеливи и кротцы, глаголющыя истинну, постящияся, милостыню дающыя,
                                                                                                                    36
                                                                                                                    чистыя человецы, и жены сохраняющыя закон его, не надлежит им отступати от сего деиства ни его пророка. ни глаголаши что они сотворили лутче нежели они, аще кто и похощет трудитися. аще же кто речет богу, и пророку его противная, тои есть отвращен от праваго пути.
                                                                                                                    37
                                                                                                                    Воспомяни ты, что ты рекл еси сему, ему же бог подаде милость свою получати в законе, и что ты благодарил о избавлении. рече : не изжени жены твоея, и боися бога. ты скрываеши в сердцы твоем намерение, которое бог объявит. ты имееш страх от народа. токмо не боися иного, токмо единого бога. Когда Зеит изгна жену свою, мы женихом тя с нею, да бы не погрешила от правоверных. изгнаные же жены их да хранят что бог им повеле,
                                                                                                                    38
                                                                                                                    пророк непогрешает в сем что бог ему обеща. закон божескии убо сохранен был сими, которые были прежде нас, и приказание его великого божества суть сохранены без всякаго препятия.
                                                                                                                    39
                                                                                                                    Которые проповедуют слово божие, его апостоли и пророцы, не имеют страха ни от кого, разве от его великого божества. доволно им того есть, что они под защищением его суть.
                                                                                                                    40
                                                                                                                    Магомет не есть отец ваш, он есть апостол божии, и последнии от всех пророков. бог весть вся, не будет инаго пророка по нем.
                                                                                                                    41
                                                                                                                    О верующыи в бога помните всегда о его великом божестве,
                                                                                                                    42
                                                                                                                    вечер и утро благодарите, он даст вам свое милосердие.
                                                                                                                    43
                                                                                                                    Ангели будут просити прощения, да бы вас избавил от темноты, он есть милосерд правоверным.
                                                                                                                    44
                                                                                                                    Ангели будут его хвалити в день судныи, он им предъуготова превелие возмездие.
                                                                                                                    45
                                                                                                                    -46 О пророче ! послахом тя да бы был свидетелем о состоянии народа, аки бы светило производящее на правыи путь,
                                                                                                                    47
                                                                                                                    и благовествуи правоверным, что они будут имети от господа твоего превелие возмездие и милость.
                                                                                                                    48
                                                                                                                    Не послушаи неверных и злых, и не боися злости их, уповаи на бога, доволно ти того будет, что бог тя защищает.
                                                                                                                    49
                                                                                                                    О верующые ! не повелено вам творити зло женам вашым, аще вы изженяете како их познати, творити им добро, тогда изгоняите с тихостию и вежливостию.
                                                                                                                    50
                                                                                                                    О пророче ! позволяем ти знати жен, что ты еси верныи. девицы неволныя что бог ти подаде, дщери от дяде и теток твоих, которые уклонилися с тобою от злых. А жена которая будет тебе дана, аще ты хощет женитися на неи, будет правоверная, аще и неесть правоверная. мы знаем что повелеваем правоверным о женах и о неволницах. Мы тя научили, да бы ты не озлобил бога, он есть щедр и милостив тем, которые его слушают.
                                                                                                                    51
                                                                                                                    ты будеш имети жену тое, которую ты похоще, и изженеши тую юже хощеш, и ляжеш с тою, которая ти угодна будет. сие лучше есть, что ты изженеши их, без всякия злобы богу, нежели творити им злое поведение и печали, они удоволствуютца имением тем, что ты им даси во изгнание, бог весть что есть в сердцах ваших, и весть вся, он премилосерд есть.
                                                                                                                    52
                                                                                                                    Не позволено знати иных жен, токмо твоих, и не позволено есть пременятися, аще красота других угодна ти есть, оприче неволниц, бог зрит на все.
                                                                                                                    53
                                                                                                                    О верующыя не внидите в домы пророка без произволения, оприче во время обеда, и сие без всякаго намерения. аще ты зван еси вниди свободно ; по прошествии обеда, изыди скоро, и непребуди долго в разговорах един с единым, сие есть зло, пророк он имеет стыд да бы оставити, токмо бог не имеет стыда глаголати вам истинну. Жены пророка да бы имели лица покрыты когда говорите с ними, сие показует лучшую чистоту, како им тако и вам. Вам не надлежит безчестит пророка божия. и не надлежит спознаватися с женами его, сеи есть превеликии грех,
                                                                                                                    54
                                                                                                                    аще обьявляете какое нибудь намерение, или аще вы скрываете, весте что бог знает вся, и не утаится ничто от бога.
                                                                                                                    55
                                                                                                                    что они объявляют отцам своим, детям, братьям, невескам, служанкам, и неволницам, будут боятися бога, он видит вся.
                                                                                                                    56
                                                                                                                    бог и ангели просят за пророка : о верующые ! молитеся за пророка и послушаите его.
                                                                                                                    57
                                                                                                                    аще которыи преступит богу и пророком, будет проклят в сем свете и в будущем.
                                                                                                                    58
                                                                                                                    аще которые сотворят сим зло без разсуждения, которые веруют в бога, имеют превеликии гнев.
                                                                                                                    59
                                                                                                                    о пророче ! рцы женам твоим, и девкам твоим, и женам правоверным, да бы покрывали лица своя, сие есть почитателное им, и не обрящут никакие печали, бог есть щедр и милостив.
                                                                                                                    60
                                                                                                                    аще злыя блудодеицы, и аще которыя из Медина, суть слабы в вере своеи, не оставят своего нечестия. аз дам ти власть совершенную над ними, и мало от них которые тя будут почитати,
                                                                                                                    61
                                                                                                                    токмо возми их и убии, где ты их застанеш,
                                                                                                                    62
                                                                                                                    бог убо повеле сим, которыя были прежде тебе. Ты не обрящеши никакого пременения в законе божеском,
                                                                                                                    63
                                                                                                                    народи вопросят тя, когда будет день судныи ; рцы им : что бог един сие знает, и яко ты не знаеши, аще будет скоро.
                                                                                                                    64
                                                                                                                    токмо бог уготова неверным превеликии огнь,
                                                                                                                    65
                                                                                                                    где будут горети вечно, и не обрящут никакого защищения.
                                                                                                                    66
                                                                                                                    в первых глава их будет ввержена во огнь, и рекут : подаждь боже, чтоб мы послушни были его великому божеству, и его пророку и апостолу.
                                                                                                                    67
                                                                                                                    и рекут : мы послушали наших главнеиших, они нас отвели от праваго пути.
                                                                                                                    68
                                                                                                                    Господи : мучи их сугубо, да будут прокляти от тебе.
                                                                                                                    69
                                                                                                                    О верующые ! не будите тако, яко иже не угодили Моисею, он бысть не знаем о преступлении, что они творили, ему показано бысть от бога.
                                                                                                                    70
                                                                                                                    боитеся бога, глаголите с кротостию, ваши дела будут ему угодни, и отпустит грехи ваша.
                                                                                                                    71
                                                                                                                    сии будут благополучни, иже послушают бога, и его пророка.
                                                                                                                    72
                                                                                                                    верность и послушание угодно есть ему на небеси и на земли и на горах. Сии которые удаляютца от сего, како сотвори адам, сотвориша стыд, сами себе, и суь несмысленнии.
                                                                                                                    73
                                                                                                                    он будет мучити сих, яко нечестивых и послушающих его. он даст милость свою сим, которые будут веровати в закон его, он есть щедр и милостив тем, которые его слушают.
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                                                                                                                    Marracci, 1698Contexte
                                                                                                                    X

                                                                                                                    SURA XXXIII.
                                                                                                                    CONJURATI.
                                                                                                                    MEDINENSIS :
                                                                                                                    COMMATUM TRIUM, & SEPTUAGINTA.
                                                                                                                    1
                                                                                                                    1.  O. Propheta : time Deum, & ne obedias infidelibus, & impiis : quippè Deus est sciens, sapiens.
                                                                                                                    2
                                                                                                                    2.  Et sequere id, quod revelatur tibi à Domino tuo : nam Deus est de eo, quod facitis, perfectè instructus.
                                                                                                                    3
                                                                                                                    3.  Et innitere super Deum : nam sufficiens est in Deo procurator.
                                                                                                                    4
                                                                                                                    4.  Non dedit Deus viro duo corda in interiori ejus : neque fecit uxores vestras (quarum aliquibus dicitis : Tu es apud me, sicut dorsum matris meæ) matres vestras : ita, ut non possitis eas repudiare  : neque fecit filios vestros adscititios, filios vestros veros. Hoc dictum vestrum in oribus vestris : Sed Deus dicit veritatem, & ipse dirigit viam ad illam.
                                                                                                                    5
                                                                                                                    5.  Revocate eos (idest adscititios ) ad patres eorum : hoc est justius apud Deum. Quòdsi non noveritis patres eorum : sint fratres vestri : neque erit super vos piaculum in eo, quod erraveritis circa hoc  : Sed in eo, quod intenderint corda vestra (idest in eo, quod non per errorem, sed mala intentione feceritis ) & est Deus Indulgens, Misericors.
                                                                                                                    6
                                                                                                                    6.  Propheta (idest Mahumetus ) propinquior est fidelibus, quàm animæ eorum (idest, quàm sint sibi ipsis ) & uxores ejus sunt matres eorum, & consanguinei, alii eorum sunt propinquiores aliis in libro Dei, quàm sint Fideles, & transmigratores. Verùm, quòd faciatis erga propinquos vestros justum, erit hoc in Libro scriptum (idest in Tabula custodita ).
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                                                                                                                    7.  Et memento , cùm accepimus à Prophetis pactum eorum, & à te, & à Noe, & Abraham, & Moyse, & Jesu filio Mariæ, & accepimus ab eis pactum crassum (idest inivimus cum illis fędus firmissimum ).
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                                                                                                                    8.  Ut interroget Deus veraces de veracitate eorum, & præparavit infidelibus pœnam discruciantem.
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                                                                                                                    9.  O, qui credidistis, mementote gratiæ Dei erga vos, quandò venerunt ad vos exercitus infidelium, & misimus contra eos ventum, & exercitus Angelorum, quos non videbatis, & erat Deus in id, quod faciebatis, inspiciens.
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                                                                                                                    10.  Cùm venerunt ad vos à parte superiori vestrum, & à parte, quæ erat inferior vobis, & quandò avertebantur aspectus vestri ab omni alia re, intenti tantummodò ad hostes, & perveniebant corda vestra ob timorem usque ad guttura, & cogitabatis de Deo cogitationes varias.
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                                                                                                                    11.  Ibi tentati sunt fideles, & exagitati sunt agitatione vehementi.
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                                                                                                                    12.  Et, cùm dicerent impii, & quorum in cordibus erat morbus infidelitatis  : Non promisit nobis Deus, & legatus ejus, nisi fallaciam.
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                                                                                                                    13.  Et, cùm dixit pars ex illis : O familia Jathreb (idest Medinenses ) non erit locus stabilis hic vobis : itaque revertemini. Et petierunt facultatem redeundi pars ex eis à Propheta, dicentes : Sanè domus nostræ sunt debiles : Sed non erant debiles : Si volebant aliud, nisi fugere à prælio.
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                                                                                                                    14.  Quòdsi intratum fuisset ad eos ab extremis partibus ejus, (nempè Medinæ ) & rogati fuissent, ut amplecterentur schisma : Certè accessissent ad illud ; Sed non permansissent in eadem Medina, nisi modicum tempus (quia scilicet Deus perdidisset eos ).
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                                                                                                                    15.  Et jam quidem promiserant Deo anteà, quòd non retroverterent terga, & est promissio facta Deo exigenda (idest reddenda erit ratio de ea ).
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                                                                                                                    16.  Dic : Nullatenùs proderit vobis fuga. Si fugieritis à morte, vel à cęde : nihilominùs non fruemini in hoc mundo, nisi parùm.
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                                                                                                                    17.  Dic : Quis est ille, qui tueatur vos à Deo, si voluerit inferre vobis malum, aut voluerit uti vobiscum misericordia ? Et non invenient sibi, præter Deum, Patronum, neque defensorem.
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                                                                                                                    18.  Jam novit Deus impedientes ex vobis alios, ne eant ad prælium, & dicentes fratribus suis : Venite ad nos (idest ad partem nostram ) neque veniunt ad certamen, nisi pauci.
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                                                                                                                    19.  Avari erga vos. Cùm verò venerit timor ; videbis eos respicientes ad te : circumvolvuntur oculi eorum veluti illius, super quem venit obtenebratio ex morte. Cùm verò abscesserit timor ; proscindunt vos linguis acutis : avari (idest cupidi ) super id, quod melius est in spoliis, & prędis. Hi non crediderunt : ideò inutilia reddidit Deus opera eorum, & fuit hoc apud Deum facile.
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                                                                                                                    20.  Existimant, Conjuratos non ivisse ad Meccam ob timorem ipsorum. Quòd si venerint Conjurati alia vice, desiderabunt ipsi esse incolæ deserti inter Arabas scenitas, ne cogantur pugnare contra eos. Interrogabunt, requirendo, nuncia de vobis. Quòd si fuerint vobiscum, non pugnabunt, nisi parùm.
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                                                                                                                    21.  Jam quidem fuit vobis in Legato Dei exemplum pulchrum ei, qui speraverit in Deum, & diem novissimum, & meminerit Dei plurimùm.
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                                                                                                                    22.  Cùm autem vidissent Fideles Conjuratos, dixerunt : Hoc est, quod promiserat nobis Deus, & Legatus ejus. Et non auxit eis hoc , nisi fidem, & firmitatem.
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                                                                                                                    23.  Ex fidelibus viri quidam veraces fuerunt in observando, quod promiserant Deo, & ex ipsis quidam absolverunt metam suam (idest mortui, vel occisi sunt ) & ex ipsis quidam expectant hoc idem, & non commutaverunt commutando promissionem suam.
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                                                                                                                    24.  Ut remuneret Deus veraces ob veracitatem ipsorum, & puniat impios, si voluerit, vel propitietur eis : nam Deus est Indultor, Misericors.
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                                                                                                                    25.  Et repulit Deus eos, qui fuerunt infideles (nempè Conjuratos ) cum furore suo non obtinuerunt bonum ullum, & sufficiens fuit Deus Fidelibus ad prælium : nam est Deus Fortis, Præpotens.
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                                                                                                                    26.  Et descendere fecit eos, qui adjuverant eos ex Scripturalibus, ex arcibus suis (nempe Coraidenses ) & conjecit in cordibus eorum terrorem : partem eorum occidistis, & captivastis partem eorum,
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                                                                                                                    & hæreditare fecit vos Deus terram eorum, & habitacula eorum, & facultates eorum, & terram, quam nunquam calcaveratis : Nam est Deus ad omnem rem Potens.
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                                                                                                                    27.  O Propheta, dic uxoribus tuis : Si vultis vitam mundanam, & ornamentum ejus ; venite, dabo vobis utensilia, quæ vultis  ; & dimittam vos dimissione pulchra (idest repudiabo vos honestè, & sine vi ).
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                                                                                                                    28.  Sed, si vultis Deum, & Legatum ejus, & Palatium novissimum (idest Paradisum ) certè Deus præparavit benefacientibus ex vobis mercedem magnam.
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                                                                                                                    29.  O uxores Prophetæ, quæcunque perpetraverit ex vobis flagitium manifestum : duplicabitur illi pœna duabus duplicationibus, & erit hoc apud Deum facile.
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                                                                                                                    30.  Quæ autem devoverit se ex vobis Deo, & Legato ejus, & operata fuerit rectum : dabimus illi mercedem ejus duabus vicibus, & præparavimus illi proventum honorificum in Paradiso.
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                                                                                                                    31.  O Uxores Prophetæ, non estis, sicut una ex reliquis mulieribus. Si timetis Deum, ne molliores sitis in verbis, ne speret expugnare vos is, in cujus corde est morbus amoris  : Sed dicite dictum conveniens (idest humaniter, sed non nimis blandè respondeatis ).
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                                                                                                                    32.  Et residete in Domibus vestris : & ne adornetis vos ornatu ignorantiæ prioris (idest, quo utebamini tempore idololatriæ ) & persolvite orationem, & facite eleemosynam ; & obedite Deo, & Legato ejus : utique vult Deus removere à vobis abominationem (idest vanitatem ornamentorum ) cùm sitis familia Domus (idest è Domo Prophetæ ) & purificare vos purificando.
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                                                                                                                    33.  Et mementote illius, quod legitur in domibus vestris de signis Dei, & sapientia (idest de Alcorano, & Sonna ) quippe Deus est Perspicax, perfectè instructus.
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                                                                                                                    34.  Certè Moslemi ; & Moslemæ, & Fideles viri, & fideles mulieres, & devoti, & devotæ, & veridici, & veridicæ, & patientes viri, & patientes fœminæ, & qui se humiliter demittunt, & quæ se humiliter demittunt, & eleemosynarii, & eleemosynariæ, & jejunatores, & jejunatrices, & custodientes mentulas suas, & custodientes cunnos suos ab illicito coitu, & qui mentionem faciunt Dei plurimam, & quæ mentionem faciunt Dei plurimam  : præparavit illis Deus indulgentiam, & mercedem magnam.
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                                                                                                                    35.  Et non est conveniens viro fideli, neque mulieri fideli, ubi decreverit Deus, & Legatus ejus rem aliquam, ut sit ipsis electio ullius rei suæ diversa ab eo, quod illi decreverint. Et, qui contumax fuerit Deo, & Legato ejus, jam porrò errabit errore manifesto.
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                                                                                                                    36.  Et memento, cùm dixisti Zeido filio Harethæ, in quem beneficus fuerat Deus ; & tu quoque beneficia contuleras in eum : Tene tibi uxorem tuam, & time Deum in ea repudianda  : Et tu, ò Mahumete, abscondebas in animo tuo id, quod Deus erat manifestaturus (idest amorem tuum erga illam, ob quem duxisses eam in uxorem, si Zeidus eam repudiasset ) sed timebas homines, ne obloquerentur de te propter hoc  : At Deum justius erat, ut timeret. Postquam autem decrevit Zeidus de ea intentum (idest id, quod volebat, repudiando scilicet eam ) copulavimus tibi eam : ne esset apud fideles piaculum in accipiendis uxoribus adoptivorum suorum, cùm decreverint de ipsis intentum (idest, cùm repudiaverint eas. ) Est autem præceptum Dei exequendum.
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                                                                                                                    37.  Non fuit super Prophetam ullum piaculum in faciendo id, quod statuit Deus illi, conforme statuto Dei erga illos, qui præcesserunt anteà : est enim præceptum Dei mensura mensurata (idest omninò justum ).
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                                                                                                                    38.  Qui (nempe Prophetæ præcedentes ) prædicabant mandata Dei, & timebant eum, & non timebant ullum, nisi Deum, & sufficiens est in Deo computator (idest sufficit, ut Deus aliquid probet ).
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                                                                                                                    39.  Non est Mahumetus pater ullius ex viris vestris, itaut non possit ducere uxorem illius  : Sed est Legatus Dei, & sigillum Prophetarum, & est Deus in omni re Sciens.
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                                                                                                                    40.  O, qui crediderunt, mementote Dei memoria plurima,
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                                                                                                                    & laudate eum mane, & vespere.
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                                                                                                                    41.  Ipse est, qui orat super vos, & Angeli ejus idem faciunt  : ut educat vos de tenebris in lucem, & est erga Fideles Misericors.
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                                                                                                                    42.  Salutatio eorum, die, qua occurrent ei (idest die resurrectionis ) erit Pax, & præparavit illis mercedem honorificam.
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                                                                                                                    43.  O Propheta, certè nos misimus te testem, & fausta annunciantem, & infausta comminantem,
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                                                                                                                    & advocantem ad Deum per voluntatem ejus, & lucernam illuminantem.
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                                                                                                                    44.  Annuncia ergo Fidelibus, quòd ipsis erit à Deo abundantia magna (idest Paradisus ).
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                                                                                                                    45.  Et ne obedias infidelibus, & impiis, & omitte nocere eis, & innitere super Deum, sufficiens est cum Deo (idest Deus ) procurator.
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                                                                                                                    46.  O, qui crediderunt, cùm nupseritis fœminis fidelibus, deindè repudiaveritis eas, antequam tetigeritis eas : non erit vobis super eas ex meta perscripta, quòd transgrediamini illam (idest non licebit vobis eas retinere ultra terminum à lege perscriptum retentioni earum post repudium. ) Itaque date eis utensilia (idest, quod debetis dare juxta legem ) & dimittite eas dimissione pulchra (idest honorificè, & sine noxa, aut vi ).
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                                                                                                                    47.  O Propheta, nos certè licitas fecimus tibi uxores tuas, quibus dedisti mercedes (idest dotes ) earum ; Et licitas etiam fecimus ancillas, quas possedit dextera tua ex eo, quod concessit Deus tibi (idest ex præda hostium ) & filias patrui tui, & filias amitarum tuarum ; & filias avunculi tui ; & filias materterarum tuarum, quæ transmigraverunt tecum è Mecca, & quamlibet mulierem fidelem, si donaverit se ipsam Prophetæ, dummodò voluerit Propheta ducere eam in uxorem. Hoc est privilegium concessum tibi præter cæteros Fideles. Jam novimus, quid sanxerimus iisdem Fidelibus circa uxores eorum, & id, quod possederunt dexteræ eorum (idest circa ancillas eorum ) ne sit super te piaculum (idest ne scrupulis angaris in eo, quod concessimus tibi ) & est Deus Indultor, Misericors.
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                                                                                                                    48.  Expectare facies, quam volueris ex iisdem uxoribus tuis, amplexus tuos, & recipies ad te, quam volueris, & quam concupieris ex iis, quas rejeceris anteà à concubitu tuo  : neque erit id piaculum super te. Hoc erit magis idoneum ad hoc, ut exhilarentur oculi earum, & ipsæ non tristentur, sed contentæ sint eo, quod contuleris eis, unaquæque earum ; Et Deus scit id, quod est in cordibus vestris : nam est Deus sciens, solers.
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                                                                                                                    49.  Non erit licitum tibi accipere uxores posthac, præter novem, quas habes  : neque commutare licebit tibi cum illis alias uxores, etiam si placuerit tibi pulchritudo earum : præter eas, quas possedit dextera tua (idest præter captivas, seu ancillas ) est autem Deus super omnem rem Observator.
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                                                                                                                    50.  O, qui crediderunt, ne ingrediamini domos Prophetæ, nisi annuatur vobis, ad sumendum cibum, non expectantes tempus illi opportunum : Sed, cùm vocati fueritis, ingredimini. Cùm verò cibum sumpseritis, discedite separatim : neque moremini familiariter miscentes inter vos confabulationem : nam hoc offenderet Prophetam : etenim verecundatur ex vobis (idest ex modestia veretur vos ejicere ) sed Deus non verecundatur de manifestanda vobis veritate. Cùm autem petieritis ab eis (idest ab uxoribus Prophetæ ) aliquid ad usum vestrum, petite ab eis de post velamen. Hoc erit purius (idest securius ad puritatem servandam ) cordibus vestris, & cordibus earum, neque expediens est vobis, ut lædatis Legatum Dei, neque, ut nubatis uxoribus ejus post eum (idest post mortem ejus, seu postquam ipse accepit eas ) unquam : nam hoc esset apud Deum scelus magnum.
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                                                                                                                    51.  Si propalaveritis quidpiam, aut celaveritis illud : profectò Deus est in omni re sciens.
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                                                                                                                    52.  Non erit piaculum super easdem uxores, si videri sinant se, & loquantur sublato velamine cum patribus suis, neque filiis suis, neque fratribus suis, neque filiis fratrum suorum, neque filiis sororum suarum, neque fœminis suis fidelibus, neque iis, quos possederint dexteræ earum (idest cum servis, & ancillis ) Et timete Deum, ò uxores Prophetæ  : nam Deus est super omnem rem testis.
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                                                                                                                    53.  Certè Deus, & Angeli ejus orant super Prophetam. O, qui crediderunt, orate etiam vos super eum, & salutate eum salutem apprecando.
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                                                                                                                    54.  Porrò, qui offenderint Deum, & legatum ejus, maledicet illis Deus in hoc Mundo, & in altero sæculo, & præparavit illis pœnam ignominiosam.
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                                                                                                                    55.  Et, qui læserint viros Fideles, & fœminas fideles absque eo, quod id commeruerint : jam certè portabunt mendacium, & delictum manifestum.
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                                                                                                                    56.  O Propheta, dic uxoribus tuis, & filiabus tuis, & mulieribus Fidelium, ut laxent super se ex palliis suis (idest demittant partem eorum super faciem, quandò exeunt foràs, relicto tantùm foramine pro uno oculo ) hoc erit facilius, ut cognoscantur esse nobiles, & ingenuæ  : & non offendantur actibus, & verbis minùs honestis. Est autem Deus indultor, Misericors.
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                                                                                                                    57.  Certè, si non abstinuerint ab impietate sua impii, & quorum in cordibus est morbus lasciviæ, & tumultum excitantes in Medina : Profectò incitabimus te contra eos, ut reprimas illos  : hinc non cohabitabunt tecum in ea, nisi parùm.
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                                                                                                                    58.  Maledicti erunt  : ubicunque deprehensi fuerint, capientur, & occidentur internecione.
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                                                                                                                    59.  Statutum Dei fuit hoc contra eos, qui præcesserunt antea, & nequaquam invenies statuto Dei immutationem.
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                                                                                                                    60.  Interrogabunt te homines Meccani de Hora (idest de die judicii ). Responde : Profectò scientia ejus est penes Deum ; & non sinit, te scire, utrum Hora sit propinqua.
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                                                                                                                    61.  Porrò Deus maledixit infidelibus, & præparavit illis ignem vehementem.
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                                                                                                                    62.  Perennaturis in eo semper : non invenient patronum, neque adjutorem.
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                                                                                                                    63.  Die, qua revolventur facies eorum in igne, dicent ; O utinam nos obedissemus Deo, & obedissemus Legato.
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                                                                                                                    64.  Et dicent : Domine noster, certè nos obedivimus Principibus nostris, & Magnatibus nostris, & errare fecerunt à via recta.
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                                                                                                                    65.  Domine noster da illis duplum de pœna nostra, & maledic illis maledictione gravi.
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                                                                                                                    66.  O, qui crediderunt, ne sitis sicut illi, qui læserunt Moysem, detrahendo illi  : Sed purgavit eum Deus ab eo, quod dixerant contra illum, & fuit apud Deum illustris.
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                                                                                                                    67.  O, qui crediderunt, timete Deum, & dicite dictum solidum (idest loquimini recta, ac vera ).
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                                                                                                                    68.   Ut prosperet vobis Deus opera vestra, & condonet vobis peccata vestra. Et, qui obedierit Deo, & Legato ejus, jam porrò felicitabitur felicitate magna.
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                                                                                                                    69.  Nos sanè proposuimus fidem Cœlis, & terræ, & montibus : sed renuerunt portare eam, & formidaverunt ab ea, & portavit eam homo : atqui ipse fuit iniquus, stultus.
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                                                                                                                    70.  Ut puniat Deus impios, & impias, & associatores, & associatrices, & propitius sit Deus super fideles viros, & fideles mulieres  : est enim Deus Indultor, Misericors.
                                                                                                                    Note [édition originale] : NOTÆ.
                                                                                                                    Inscriptio Suræ desumitur ab eo, quod Mahumetus contra quosdam è suis, qui adversum se conjuraverant, revelatum sibi fuisse confingit : quamvis hoc non ex professo, sed obiter, & quasi per transennam in ea tractetur. Gelal, & Jahias faciunt hanc Suram Medinensem. Meccanam ponit Hottingerus : sed fides ejus nihili facienda. Versus communiter tres supra septuaginta numerantur : sed numerus à me positus verior videtur. De præmio lectoris hæc habe. من قراء سورة الاحزاب وعلّمها اهله وما ملكت يمينه اعطى الامان من عذاب القبر Qui legerit Suram Conjuratorum, & docuerit eam domesticos suos, & servos suos, habebit securitatem à tormento sepulchri  : De quo alibi vide à me dicta.
                                                                                                                    IV.  Non dedit Deus viro duo cordæ. ] Si credimus Gelal ; dictum fuit hoc ردّا على من قال من الكفار ان له قلبين يعقل بكل منها افضل من عقل محمد ad respondendum cuidam ex infidelibus, qui asserebat se habere duo corda, quorum quolibet intelligebat meliùs, quàm intelligeret Mahumetus.
                                                                                                                    *  Neque fecit uxores vestras. ] Tempore Idololatriæ ante Mahumetum, cùm quis nollet uxorem suam repudiare, vel impedire, ne consanguinei sui eam jam dimissam ducerent, dicebat ei (inquit Gelal : انت علي كظهر امي Tu es apud me, sicut dorsum matris meæ. Per quod profitebatur, se habere uxorem in eodem gradu, quo matrem suam. Hoc autem nunc Mahumetus abrogat : quemadmodùm etiam abrogat alium usum, quo filii adscititii, seu adoptivi habebantur, tamquam veri filii, & ex eorum adoptione oriebatur impedimentum dirimens matrimonium. Huic Mahumeticæ Sanctioni dedit occasionem, quòd, ut ait Gelal, اليهود والمنافقون قالوا لما تزوّج النبي زينب بنت جحش التي كانت امراة زيد بن حارثة الذي تبنّه قالوا تزوج محمد امراة ابنه فكذّبهم الله في ذلك . Judæi, & impii Mahumetæni, cùm Mahumetus duxisset in uxorem Zeinebam filiam Giahsci, quæ erat uxor Zeidi filii Harethæ, quem Zeidum adoptaverat Mahumetus ex liberto in filium : cœperunt obloqui de Propheta, ac dicere : Mahumetus duxit in uxorem conjugem filii sui. Verùm mendacis redarguit eos Deus hoc loco.
                                                                                                                    V.  Revocate eos ad patres eorum. ] Idest, restituite adoptatos à vobis patribus eorum naturalibus. Quodsi eos non inveneritis : habete illos, ut fratres, & propinquos in religione tantùm : itaut nullum inferant matrimonio impedimentum.
                                                                                                                    VI.  Propheta propinquior est Fidelibus. ] Hanc majorem Mahumeti propinquitatem ponit Gelal : فيما دعاهم ودعتهم انفسهم الى خلافه : in eo, quòd vocavit eos ad fidem, & ipsi spontè amplexi sunt sequelam illius. Itaut hæc propinquitas non impediret eum, quin posset ducere in uxores, quas vellet ex asseclis suis. Contra verò, cùm dicit, uxores suas esse matres fidelium, explicat idem Auctor, eum significare حمرة نكاحهن عليهم prohibitionem conjugii earum cum iisdem. Sensus verò verborum illorum : & consanguinei, alii eorum sunt propinquiores, est : Hereditates spectant ad propinquos consanguinitatis, cuique juxta gradum suum : non autem ad propinquos in fide ex Religione. Per hoc autem abrogatur id, quod statutum erat in Sacra octava de manubiis : quòd nimirùm in hæreditatibus, & legatis non haberetur ratio consanguineorum ; nisi eorum, qui crediderant, & è Mecca emigraverant. Ita Gelal, Jahias, & alii expositores.
                                                                                                                    VII.  Et memento, cùm accepimus à Prophetis. ] Videtur Mahumetus fuisse in errore Thalmudistarum, quòd nimirùm Prophetæ omnes, & ipse etiam, fuerint in monte Synai unà cum Moyse ; ubi acceperint à Deo munus propheticum, quod hìc pactum appellatur. Attamen Gelal mavult, hujusmodi pactum initum fuisse cum Prophetis omnibus : حين اخرجوا من صلب ادم كالذر وهي اصغر النمل cum simul egressi sunt ex lumbis Adæ tamquam formiculæ minutissimæ.
                                                                                                                    IX.  Quandò venerunt ad vos exercitus. ] Evenit hoc, si credimus, Gelal : في ايام حفر الخندق in diebus, seu prælio Foveæ Candanensis. Vide, quæ dicta sunt in Vita Mahumeti. Idem censet Zamchascerius : Sed Jahias id refert ad bellum Bedrense.
                                                                                                                    XIII.  O familia Jathreb. ] Idest ò Medinenses. Est enim يثرب Jathreb regio, seu territorium Medinæ.
                                                                                                                    XX.  Exemplum pulchrum. ] Hujusmodi exemplum Mahumetus exhibuit in strenuè, constanterque pugnando. Ita censet Gelal.
                                                                                                                    XXXV.  Et non est conveniens viro fideli. ] Causam hujus versiculi affert Gelal his verbis نزلت في عبد الله بن جحش واحته زينب خطبها النبي وعنى لزيد بن حارثة فكرها ذلك حين علمه لطنّهما قبل ان النبي خطبها لنفسه . Dicta sunt hæc pro Abdallah filio Giahsci, & Zeinaba sorore ejus, quam sibi uxorem arripuerat Mahumetus, & significaverat Zeido filio Harethæ : & ambo moleste hoc acceperunt, eo tempore, quo ipse agnovit, quòd ambo putabant, antequam Propheta duceret eam in uxorem. Nolebat itaque Mahumetus Abdallah, & Zeidum sibi adversari in conjugio Zainebæ, seu Zenobiæ.
                                                                                                                    XXXVI.  At Deum justiùs erat, ut timeres. ] Quia scilicet Deus præceperat ei, ut illam duceret : Deoque debebat obedire, neque hominum dicta curare. Ita Gelal : qui etiam refert, Mahumetum, cùm sibi Zeinebam desponsasset دخل عليها بغير اذن واشبع المسلمين خبزًا ولحمًا ingressum fuisse ad eam sine facultate (idest absque eo, quod Zeidus id concederet) & pane, & carne Moslemos satiasse.
                                                                                                                    XXXIX.  Et sigillum Prophetarum. ] Ita vocatur Mahumetus apud Arabes, seque ipsum Mahumetus vocat, quia credunt, fuisse ultimum Prophetarum : Quamobrem scribit hìc Gelal : فلم يكن له ابن رجل بعده يكون نبيا فكان خاتم النبيين اى ختموا به وكان الله بكل شي عليما بان لا بنبي بعده واذا نزل السيد عيسى يحكم بشريعته Proptereà nullum habuit filium masculum post obitum suum, qui esset Propheta. Unde ipse fuit sigillum Prophetarum, quia per eum sigillati sunt quodammodò Prophetæ. Dicitur verò hìc, Deum omnia scire, nimirùm pertinentia ad Mahumetum : quòd, scilicet nullus foret Propheta post eum. Cùm autem è Cœlo descenderit Dominus Jesus, judicabit juxta legem ejus.
                                                                                                                    XLI.  Ipse est, qui orat super vos. ] Explicat Gelal : يرحمكم miseretur vestri. Verùm, cùm hoc idem dicatur de Angelis, immò de ipsis Mahumetanis respectu Mahumeti ; non videtur admitti posse significatio miserendi. Certè verbum hoc صلى propriè, ac legitimè significat orare. Sed expositores ad Mahumeti inscitiam excusandam, voluerunt respectu Angelorum, laudare, seu benedicere ; respectu verò hominum orare, seu benè precari.
                                                                                                                    XLVIII.  Expectare facies, quam volueris. ] Nempe, ut exponit Gelal : عن توبتها à vice sua  : itaut, etiamsi nox concubitus debeatur uni, possis tamen illa rejecta, admittere aliam ad libitum tuum, quamvis eidem anteà negaveris nocturnos congressus ipsi debitos. Hoc autem magis idoneum putavit ad omnes illas in pace continendas : ne qua earum putaret sibi fieri injuriam, si à Propheta suo rejiceretur.
                                                                                                                    XLIX.  Non erit licitum tibi accipere uxores posthac. ] Versus iste penitùs destruit versum quadragesimum septimum præcedentem. Quamobrem Expositores reponunt hos duos versus inter eos, qui dicuntur الناسخ Abrogans, & المنسوخ Abrogatus. Et ita recenset eos Abul-kasem Habat-Allah in hac Sura, his verbis : الاية الثانية قوله تعلى لا يحلّ لك انسآ من بعد ولا ان تبدل بهنّ من ازواج وهي من اعجايب المنسوخ نسخها الله باية قبلها في النظم وهي قوله يا ايها النبي انا احللنا لك ازواجك . Secundus versus, qui abrogatur in hac Sura : Non erit licitum tibi accipere uxores posthac, &c. Est ex iis, qui inter abrogatos afferunt majorem admirationem : abrogatur enim per versiculum in ordine præcedentem, nempè : O Propheta, nos certè licitas fecimus tibi uxores tuas.
                                                                                                                    LXVI.  Sicut illi, qui læserunt Moysen. ] Comminiscuntur hìc expositores satis lepidam fabellam, quàm ita refert Gelal : اذو موسى بقولهم مثلا ما يمنعه ان يغتسل معنا الا انه آدر وتبراءه الله مما قالوا بان وضع ثوبه على حجر ليغتسل ففر الحجر به حتى وقف به بين ملاء من بني اسراييل فادركه موسى فاخذه ثوبه واستتر به فراوه لا ادرة به وهي نفخة الحصية : ومما اوذى به نبييا انه قسم قسمًا فقال رجل هذه قسمة لم يرد بها وجه الله فغضب النبي من ذلك وقال يرحم الله اخي موسى لقد اوذئ باكثر من هذا فصبر رواه البخارى Læserunt Moysen, proverbiantes eum, ac dicentes ; Non retinet eum, ne lavet se nobiscum (lavabat enim se separatim à cæteris) nisi, quia herniosus est. Deus autem liberavit eum ab hoc probro : quia, cùm lavaturus se, posuisset vestimenta sua supra quamdam petram, petra cœpit fugere ; auferens secum vestimenta Moysis : & cucurrit cum illis, donec pervenit in medium populi Israelitarum. Moyses etiam cucurrit post eam, donec assecutus est eam : & acceptis vestibus suis (non advertens, se nudum esse in medio populi) vestivit se. Viderunt itaque omnes, illum non esse herniosum. Inter ea autem, in quibus læsus fuit Propheta noster, illud est, quod, cùm partiretur quamdam prædam, vir quidam (dolens, sibi obtigisse partem nimis exiguam) dixit : Hac portione non quærit Mahumetus faciem Dei (idest placere Deo). Quamobrem iratus Mahumetus dixit : Deus misereatur Moysis fratris mei : jam quidem majorem læsionem accepit, quàm sit hæc, & ita patienter sustinuit. Refert hoc Albocharius.
                                                                                                                    LXIX.  Nos sanè proposuimus fidem Cęlis. ] Nomine fidei intelligit hìc Gelal orationem, & alia opera, quibus, si fiant, acquiritur præmium ; sin autem omittantur, pœna. Ideò autem dicitur Deus proposuisse hæc Cœlis, terræ, & montibus بان خلق فيها فهما ونطقًا , quia creaverat in eis intelligentiam, & locutionem. Cùm autem renuissent ob timorem ea suscipere ; proposuit ea Adæ, qui, cùm illa acceptasset, posteà dereliquit, nec pro debito adimplevit : ideò sibiipsi iniquus fuisse dicitur.
                                                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : REFUTATIONES.
                                                                                                                      I. Inter alia, quæ manifestè demonstrant, Alcoranum non esse à Deo, illud est præcipuum, quòd in eo Mahumetus omnia ferè ad commodum suum metitur : id, quod in hac sura maximè apparet, in qua legem alioqui laude, & imitatione dignam, naturęque valdè congruam, de non ducendis in matrimonium uxoribus adoptivorum, ea tantummodò ex causa abrogat, quia Zeinabam, seu Zenobiam uxorem Zeidi adoptivi sui, quam insanè deperibat, cum scandalo totius populi, & non sine magna ipsius Zeidi offensione, matrimonio sibi copulaverat. Id verò, quod sine horrore audiri non potest, fingebat, Deum suum esse lenonem, effrenatęque libidinis suæ patrocinatorem. Quia, namque Zeidus nolebat Zeinabam dimittere, eo, quòd juxta morem laudabilem, qui tunc vigebat, se tamquam matrem illam habiturum, semperque retenturum promiserat : bonus iste Propheta, consuetudinem hujusmodi reprobat, quò unicuique liberiùs uxoris suæ repudium faciat, ut illa, cuicunque voluerit, possit se prostituere, atque novæ hujus legis authorem facit Deum. Uxores tamen suas satis cautè custodit, atque in tuto collocat, dùm eas Mahumetanorum omnium matres constituit, itaut nullus unquam, etiam eo defuncto, posset illas in uxores accipere. Probant hæc omnia, Mahumetum, non Prophetam, sed ganeonem magnum fuisse, legemque suam ad libidinem propriam explendam direxisse. De conjugio autem cum Zeinaba aliàs redibit sermo.
                                                                                                                      II. Non semel in Alcorano commemoratur pactum illud chimericum, quod Deus cum Prophetis omnibus inivit. Jam verò notavimus, esse hoc commentum Rabbinicum, quod tamen Expositores Moslemi novo commento commiscent, ut in Notis apparet. Vide circa hoc commentum Rabbinicum eruditissimum P. Raymundum Martinum Ordinis Prædicatorum in Pugione fidei p. 3. dist. 1. c. 4.
                                                                                                                      III. Miraculum illud, quo Mahumetani pugnantes in prælio Chandacensi, seu Bedrensi (nam non conveniunt in eo Expositores) adjuti sunt exercitu Angelorum, inter pueriles nenias computari potest. Angelos enim illos à nullo homine visos fuisse Alcoranus ipse testatur. Porrò, si de bello Bedrensi loquamur, Angelorum opem superfluam prorsùs fuisse, jam vidimus alibi. In pręlio autem Chandacensi, seu Foveæ, vel Lacunæ ita res se habuerunt, ut impertinens fuerit Angelorum auxilium. Primò enim conflictu victoria stetit pro hostibus, ex quibus tres tantùm cecidere, Mahumetanis sex interfectis. Deindè nihil aliud gestum legimus in eo prælio. Vide Vitam Mahumeti. Ex ipsis autem Alcorani verbis manifestè apparet, Mahumetanos nihil in eo certamine præclarè gessisse, sed tantùm in animi consternatione, ac trepidatione fuisse. Illud verò, quod versu vigesimo sexto de victoria ex Coraidensibus relata innuitur, subsecutum est ad Bellum Chandacense : neque aliud in eo factum fuit, nisi, quòd Mahumetus per dies viginti quinque Coraidenses obsedit. Cùm verò illi sese dedidissent, essentque inermes, ab armatis hostibus trucidati sunt ad sexcentos, vel septingentos : fœminis, ac pueris ductis in captivitatem. Ad quid autem hìc Angelorum exercitus ?
                                                                                                                      IIII. In iis legibus, quas Mahumetus uxoribus suis præscribit, quilibet, qui eas attentè perpendat, agnoscere potest, illum avaritiæ potiùs, ac Zelotypiæ suæ, quàm earum pudicitiæ, & honestati consuluisse.
                                                                                                                      V. Plus nimio indulget sibi, suæque libidini liberalis est, dùm fingit, concessam sibi esse à Deo libertatem accipiendi quascunque vellet in uxores, nulla consanguinitatis, vel affinitatis, vel alieni thori violandi habita ratione. Hanc tantam in re venerea licentiam, quam sibi uni à Deo concessam fuisse mentitur, non solùm Prophetico muneri, sed etiam omnibus legibus Temperantiæ, Modestiæ, atque honestatis repugnare, quis non videt ? Putabit aliquis, Mahumetum ipsum conscientia stimulatum hac in re sententiam mutasse : quia videlicet ferè immediatè post prædictam concessionem, inducit Deum prohibentem sibi, ne imposterum uxores alias, præter novem, quas habebat, acciperet, vel easdem in alias commutaret : ancillis exceptis, quarum nullus ei numerus præscribebatur. Hoc ipsum satis esse poterat ad effrænatam cujuslibet prostibularii libidinem exsaturandam. Nihilominùs oppositum contigit : nam versus hic posterior revocatur, & abrogatur per versum priorem, quod meritò Abulcasem, tanquam monstrum admiratur. Quis enim legislator, nisi vacuus omninò cerebro sit, legem abrogat, quam nondùm tulit, & deindè laturus est ? Neque dicant Moslemi, in Alcorano ordinem versiculorum ordini temporum non respondere. Quædam enim priùs in eo scribuntur, quæ posteriùs facta sunt ; & quædam posteriùs referuntur, quæ anteà contigere. Nulla enim hìc perversionis hujus causa apparet, vel potest rationabiliter assignari : cùm ferè immediatè versum anteriorem posterior subsequatur. Zamchascerius licèt admittat abrogationem hìc esse præposteram : conatur tamen, Alcoranum à contradictione salvare, imò nullam hìc abrogationem esse demonstrare : Ait enim : وقيل لا تحل لك النساء من بعد النساء التي نصى احلالهن لك من الاجناس الاربعة من الاعرابيات *والغريب او من الكاتبيات اومن الاماء بالنكاح : وقيل في تحريم التبديل هو من البدل الذي كان في الجاهلية كان يقول الرجل للرجل بادلني بامراتك وابادلك بامرتي * فينول كل واحد منهما عن امراته لصاحبه : وعن عايشة رضي الله عنها ما مات رسول الله ص حتى احل له النساء يعني انه الاية قد نسخت ولا يخلو نسخها اما ان يكون بالسنة واما بقوله انما احللك لك ازواجك وترتيب النزول ليس علي ترتيب المصحف Quidam dicunt, significationem secundi versus esse hanc ; Non erit tibi licitum posthàc accipere uxores, neque commutare cum illis alias ; præter eas, quarum concessio tibi specialiter facta est intra quatuor genera : nimirum, Arabicarum, peregrinarum, Scripturalium, & ancillarum. In eo verò, quod attinet ad prohibitionem commutationis uxorum, dicunt hìc intelligendum esse de commutatione, quæ fieri consueverat tempore idololatriæ, quo aliquis vir dicebat alii viro : Commuta mecum uxorem tuam, & ego commutabo tecum uxorem meam, & ita alter eorum cedebat alteri uxorem suam. Verùm ex dicto Aisæ fel : mem : hæc habemus : Non mortuus est Legatus Dei faustæ mem : donec concessa fuit illi facultas libera circa mulieres matrimonio sibi jungendas. Per quod significavit, abrogatum fuisse versiculum illum, quo ipsi hæc facultas adimebatur. Abrogatio verò, vel est in Sonna, vel in verbis illis : Nos certè licitas fecimus tibi uxores tuas. Ordo verò, quo traditi sunt à Deo hi versus, non convenit cum ordine, quo dispositi sunt in Alcorano. Sed quocunque se vertant Moslemi in hujus loci explicatione ; semper Mahumeti lascivia, & effrænata libido se prodit manifestè.
                                                                                                                      VI. Illud verò tolerari minimè potest, quòd Mahumetus inducat Deum in negotio muliebri pædagogum suum ; qui nimirùm non modò alienas uxores sibi concedat, verùm etiam ipsum doceat nullum ordinem in congressu cum uxoribus servare, sed ad libidinem suam noctes illis impertiri, quantumvis vel debitum, vel promissio aliud requirat. Quod verò sine risu audiri non potest, hac ratione se illas hilares, & contentas facturum esse sibi pollicetur.
                                                                                                                      VII. Non desinit novus Epicurus commodis, ac deliciis suis omni ratione consulere. Hinc præcipit asseclis, ne molesti sibi sint, importunè ipsum interpellando : ne prandio secum absoluto, domi suæ ad confabulandum commorentur : ne sibi meridianam quietem perturbent : ne, si quid ab uxoribus suis petendum sit, nisi intermedio velamine, quod mutuum impediat aspectum, id faciant : ne se ulla in re lædant ; & super omnia caveant, tamquam maximum piaculum, uxores suas etiam post mortem suam attingere ; & alia hujusmodi, quæ libro tàm sancto, qualem jactat Alcoranum, &, qui non ad unius hominis commoda, & delicias, sed creaturarum omnium bonum datus fingitur à Deo, indigna omninò existimanda sunt.
                                                                                                                      VIII. Quamvis Alcoranus tantummodò innuat fabulam illam de hernia Moysis : nihilominùs, cùm Expositores conveniant, eam ab illo comprobari : patet, quantæ fidei sit liber ille, qui hujusmodi commenta pro sacris historiis recenset.
                                                                                                                      IX. Postremò risu dignum est illud, quod dicitur, Deum proposuisse Cœlis, terræ, ac montibus fidem, seu, ut explicat Gelal, exercitia Religionis, tamquam ratione, ac locutione præditis : quo nihil insulsius dici potuit : Non ignoro, aliquos Expositores hæc allegoricè accipere : Sed Mahumetani Orthodoxi allegorias ab Alcorano tamquam hæresim rejiciunt.
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                                                                                                                        Du Ryer, 1647Contexte
                                                                                                                        X
                                                                                                                        LE CHAPITRE DES BANDES
                                                                                                                        & Troupes des gens de Guerre, contenant
                                                                                                                        quatre-vingts-sept versets, escrit à la Medine.
                                                                                                                        AU nom de Dieu clement & misericordieux.
                                                                                                                        1
                                                                                                                        O Prophete ! crains Dieu, & n’obeys pas aux infidelles, Dieu sçait tout & est tres-prudent en ce qu’il ordonne,
                                                                                                                        2
                                                                                                                        observe ce que ton Seigneur t’a enseigné, il sçait ce que les hommes font,
                                                                                                                        3
                                                                                                                        resigne toy en Dieu, il te doit suffire qu’il te protege.
                                                                                                                        4
                                                                                                                        Il n’a pas donné deux cœurs aux hommes, il ne nous a pas ordonné d’appeller vos femmes vos Meres, tous ceux que vous appellez vos enfans ne sont pas vos enfans, vous le dictes seulement de bouche, mais Dieu dict tousjours la verité, & conduit les hommes au chemin de salut.
                                                                                                                        5
                                                                                                                        Appellez vostre prochain par le nom de son pere, cette action sera agreable à Dieu, pourveu que vous n’ayez point de mauvais dessein dans le cœur, si vous ne sçavez pas son nom appellez-le vostre frere en Dieu, où Monsieur, Dieu est clement & misericordieux.
                                                                                                                        6
                                                                                                                        Le Prophete est obey par ceux qui croient en Dieu, & qui honnorent ses femmes
                                                                                                                        Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                        comme leurs meres. Les parens sont heritiers, les uns des autres, il est ainsi ordonné par sa divine Majesté aux fidelles qui sont sortis de la Meque pour suivre le Prophete : Il est ordonné en l’escriture de faire du bien à vos parens.
                                                                                                                        7
                                                                                                                        Souviens toy que nous avons receu la promesse des Prophetes de Toy, de Noé, d’Abraham, de Moise, & de Jesus fils de Marie (d’adorer un seul Dieu) nous en avons receu une forte promesse :
                                                                                                                        8
                                                                                                                        On leur demandera compte de leurs actions, & les impies sentiront la rigueur des peines infinies.
                                                                                                                        9
                                                                                                                        O vous qui croyez en Dieu, souvenez vous de la grace qu’il vous a faite lors que vous avez esté chargez par les trouppes des ennemis, il a envoyé contre eux un vent impetueux, & des trouppes invisibles
                                                                                                                        à
                                                                                                                        Correction de : a
                                                                                                                        vos yeux pour les combattre, il void tout ce que vous faites,
                                                                                                                        10
                                                                                                                        ces trouppes invisibles sont venuës du costé du Levant, & du costé du Ponant, d’en bas & d’en hault, lors que vostre veuë estoit troublée & que le cœur vous manquoit à cause du grand nombre de vos ennemis, vous aviez desja conçeu une tres-mauvaise opinion de la loy de Dieu,
                                                                                                                        11
                                                                                                                        alors les vray-croyants ont esté esprouvez, ils ont tremblé de peur ;
                                                                                                                        12
                                                                                                                        les impies & ceux qui estoient foibles en leur foy ont dict que tout ce que Dieu & son Prophete leur avoit promis n’estoit qu’abus & vanité ;
                                                                                                                        13
                                                                                                                        Souviens toy comme une partie d’entre-eux a dit aux habitans du Terroir de la Medine, il n’y a point de seureté pour vous auprez de Mahomet, retournez en vos maisons ; Souviens toy comme plusieurs d’entre-eux,
                                                                                                                        Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                        t’ont demandé congé, & ont dit que leurs maisons estoient abandonnees : Leurs maisons n’estoient pas abandonnées, mais ils avoient dessein de fuir :
                                                                                                                        14
                                                                                                                        s’ils fussent retournez en leurs maisons, on leur auroit persuadé de tous costez de suivre l’impieté, ils n’y auroient pas fait long sejour,
                                                                                                                        15
                                                                                                                        parce qu’ils avoient auparavant promis à Dieu de ne pas fuïr, il leur auroit demandé compte de leurs promesses :
                                                                                                                        16
                                                                                                                        Dis leur, la fuitte vous sera inutile si vous fuyez la mort, puisque vous ne devez guere demeurer dans le monde ;
                                                                                                                        17
                                                                                                                        Dis leur, qui vous peut proteger contre Dieu lors qu’il voudra vous exterminer ? ne prenez point d’autre protecteur que luy ;
                                                                                                                        18
                                                                                                                        il cognoit ceux qui ont esté dissuadez d’aller au combat
                                                                                                                        19
                                                                                                                        pour espargner leurs biens, & leurs personnes ; Ils jettent la veuë sur toy lors qu’ils sont surpris de peur, ils tournent les yeux dans la teste comme une personne qui se meurt, & lors qu’ils sont delivrez de peur, ils medisent de toy à cause de leur extreme avarice. Telles gens ne croyent pas en Dieu, il rend toutes leurs œuvres infructueuses, c’est chose tres-facile à sa divine Majesté.
                                                                                                                        20
                                                                                                                        Les trouppes des Infideles ont creu qu’elles estoient invincibles, & lors qu’elles ont veu les trouppes des vray-croyants, elles ont souhaité de fuyr. Les Infideles ont desiré d’attirer les Arabes à leur party, & s’informent de vos nouvelles pour sçavoir en quel estat vous estes, s’ils avoient esté de vostre party peu d’entr’eux auroient esté tuez,
                                                                                                                        21
                                                                                                                        la suitte du Prophete Apostre de Dieu vous sert de citadelle, elle sert de boulevart à ceux qui
                                                                                                                        Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                        apprehendent
                                                                                                                        le jour du Jugement, & qui pensent souvent en sa divine Majesté.
                                                                                                                        22
                                                                                                                        Lors que les fidelles ont dit, voila ce que Dieu & son Prophete nous ont promis, ils sont veritables en leurs promesses, la veuë de leurs ennemis a augmenté leur foy & leur zele envers Dieu, & son Prophete.
                                                                                                                        23
                                                                                                                        Il y
                                                                                                                        a
                                                                                                                        Correction de : à
                                                                                                                        des personnes entre les vray-croyants qui ont effectué ce qu’ils ont promis à Dieu, plusieurs d’entr’eux sont morts en l’obeyssance des commandemens de sa divine Majesté, les autres attendent la mesme chose, & ne contreviennent pas à ce qu’ils ont promis,
                                                                                                                        24
                                                                                                                        Dieu les recompensera de leur zele, & chastiera les infideles ou leur pardonnera si bon luy semble ; il est clement & misericordieux.
                                                                                                                        25
                                                                                                                        Dieu exterminera les infidelles avec leur colere contre les fidelles, il protege les vray-croyants dans les combats,, il est fort & tout puissant.
                                                                                                                        26
                                                                                                                        Les Juifs sont descendus de leur forteresse pour donner secours aux infidelles, mais Dieu a jetté la peur dans leur cœur, une partie a esté tuée, & l’autre a esté prise esclave,
                                                                                                                        27
                                                                                                                        ils vous ont fait par leur mort heritiers de leur pays, de leurs maisons, de leurs richesses, & de leurs forteresses, que vous ne pouviez pas conquerir ; Dieu est tout puissant.
                                                                                                                        28
                                                                                                                        O Prophete, si tes femmes sont trop ambitieuses des biens de la terre, & de vestements trop sompteux, appellez lez, dis leur que tu leur feras du bien, & que tu les repudieras avec douceur & civilité.
                                                                                                                        29
                                                                                                                        Si elles ayment Dieu & son Prophete, si elles sont vertueuses, sa divine Majesté leur donnera une tres-grande recompense :
                                                                                                                        30
                                                                                                                        O femmes du Prophete, celles
                                                                                                                        Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                        d’entre vous qui seront impudiques seront chastiées doublement plus que les autres femmes, c’est une chose facile à Dieu,
                                                                                                                        31
                                                                                                                        celles d’entre vous qui obeyront à Dieu & à son Prophete, & feront de bonnes œuvres seront recompensées plus que les autres femmes, on vous a preparé une tres-grande recompense ;
                                                                                                                        32
                                                                                                                        O femmes du Prophete, vous n’estes pas comme les autres femmes du monde, craignez Dieu & ne croyez pas au discours de ceux qui ont dessein de vous seduire, parlez avec civilité,
                                                                                                                        33
                                                                                                                        demeurez dans vos maisons, n’en sortez pas pour faire paroistre vostre beauté, & pour en faire monstre comme faisoient les anciens ignorants, priez Dieu avec affection, faites des aumosnes, obeyssez à Dieu à son Prophete, Dieu vous veut delivrer de sa colere, & vous veut purifier,
                                                                                                                        34
                                                                                                                        souvenez vous de la loy qu’on vous a enseignee dans vos maisons, il est misericordieux à ceux qui l’honnorent, il sçait tout ce que le Prophete fait, il a promis sa misericorde,
                                                                                                                        35
                                                                                                                        & une tres-grande recompense à ceux & à celles qui obeïront à ses commandemens. Ceux & celles qui croient en son unité, qui se resignent à sa divine volonté, qui sont patiens, qui sont humbles, qui disent la verité, qui jeusnent, qui font des aumosnes, qui sont chastes,
                                                                                                                        36
                                                                                                                        & les hommes & les femmes qui observent sa loy, ne doivent pas controller ses actions, ny celles de son Prophete, ny dire qu’ils feroient mieux qu’eux s’ils vouloient travailler ; celuy qui desobey à Dieu & à son Prophete est devoyé du droict chemin ;
                                                                                                                        37

                                                                                                                        Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                        Souviens
                                                                                                                        toy de ce que tu as dit à celuy
                                                                                                                        à
                                                                                                                        Correction de : a
                                                                                                                        qui Dieu a fait la grace de le recevoir dans sa loy, & que tu as gratifié de la liberté, que tu as dit, ne repudie pas ta femme, & crains Dieu, tu cache en ton ame un dessein que Dieu manifestera, tu as peur du peuple, mais tu ne dois craindre qu’un seul Dieu. Lorsque Zeid a repudié sa femme, nous t’avons marié avec elle
                                                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : Mahomet fut amoureux de la femme de Zeid son esclave, il la luy fit repudier pour l’espouser à cause de sa beauté.
                                                                                                                          , afin qu’il ne reste point d’erreur entre les vray-croyans, lors qu’ils auront repudié leurs femmes, ils observeront en les repudiant ce que Dieu a ordonné.
                                                                                                                          38
                                                                                                                          Le Prophete ne peche pas de faire ce que Dieu luy a permis, la loy de Dieu a esté ainsi observee par ceux qui nous ont precedé & le commandement de sa divine Majesté s’
                                                                                                                          execute
                                                                                                                          Correction de : excute
                                                                                                                          sans retardement ;
                                                                                                                          39
                                                                                                                          Ceux qui preschent la parole de Dieu, ses Apostres & ses Prophetes n’ont peur de personne que de sa divine Majesté, il leur suffit qu’ils soient en sa protection.
                                                                                                                          40
                                                                                                                          Mahomet n’est pas vostre pere
                                                                                                                          Note [édition originale] : Il n’est pas le pere de Zeid pour ne pas espouser la femme
                                                                                                                          qu’il a
                                                                                                                          Correction de : qui la
                                                                                                                          repudiée. Voy Tefsir anf joahir.
                                                                                                                            , il est Apostre de Dieu & le dernier de tous les Prophetes, Dieu sçait tout, il ne viendra point d’autre Prophete apres luy.
                                                                                                                            41
                                                                                                                            O vous qui croyez en Dieu, pensez souvent en sa divine Majesté,
                                                                                                                            42
                                                                                                                            loüez le soir & matin,
                                                                                                                            43
                                                                                                                            il vous donnera sa misericorde, les Anges demanderont pardon afin qu’il vous delivre des tenebres ; il est misericordieux aux vray croyans,,
                                                                                                                            44
                                                                                                                            les Anges les saluëront de sa part au jour du Jugement,, il leur a preparé une tres-grande recompense.
                                                                                                                            45
                                                                                                                            O Prophete, nous t’avons envoyé pour estre tesmoin des deportemens du peuple,
                                                                                                                            46
                                                                                                                            & comme lumiere pour les conduire au droict chemin,
                                                                                                                            47
                                                                                                                            annonce aux vray-croyans qu’ils
                                                                                                                            Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                            recevront
                                                                                                                            de ton Seigneur une tres-grande grace ;
                                                                                                                            48
                                                                                                                            N’obeis pas aux infidelles ny aux meschans, ne crains pas leur malice, & te confie en Dieu, tu dois estre satisfait que Dieu te protege.
                                                                                                                            49
                                                                                                                            O vous qui croyez, il ne vous est pas permis de mal traiter vos femmes ; Si vous les repudiez avant que de les cognoistre, faites leur du bien, & les repudiez avec douceur & civilité.
                                                                                                                            50
                                                                                                                            O Prophete, nous te permettons de cognoistre les femmes que tu as dottée, les filles esclaves que Dieu t’a données, les filles de tes oncles, & de tes tantes qui ont abandonné avec toy de la compagnie des meschans, & la femme vray-croyante qui se sera donnée à toy, si tu
                                                                                                                            la
                                                                                                                            Correction de : l’a
                                                                                                                            veux espouser, & qu’elle ne soit pas femme d’un vray-croyant ; Nous sçavons ce que nous avons ordonné aux vray-croyans touchant leurs femmes & leurs esclaves, nous te l’avons enseigné, afin que tu n’offense pas Dieu, il est clement & misericordieux à ceux qui luy obeïssent.
                                                                                                                            51
                                                                                                                            Tu garderas celles que tu voudras garder de tes femmes, tu repudieras celles que tu voudras repudier, & coucheras avec celles qui t’agréeront, il est plus à propos que tu les repudie sans offenser Dieu, que de les voir mal contente & affligées, elles se contenteront du bien que tu leur feras en les repudiant, Dieu sçait ce qui est en vos cœurs, il sçait tout & est tres-misericordieux.
                                                                                                                            52
                                                                                                                            Il ne t’est pas permis de cognoistre autres femmes que les tiennes
                                                                                                                            Note [édition originale] : Mahomet avoit neuf femmes. Voy Gelaldin.
                                                                                                                              , il ne t’est pas permis de les troquer encore que la beauté des autres t’agrée, excepté tes esclaves, Dieu prend garde à tout.
                                                                                                                              53
                                                                                                                              O vous
                                                                                                                              Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                              qui croyez, n’entrez pas dans les maisons du Prophete sans permission, excepté à l’heure du repas, & ce, par rencontre & sans dessein, si vous y estes invitez entrez avec liberté, lors que vous aurez pris vostre repas sortez de la maison, & ne vous arrestez pas à discourir les uns avec les autres, cela importune le Prophete, il a honte de vous congedier, mais Dieu n’a pas honte de vous dire la verité. Les femmes du Prophete auront le visage couvert lors que vous parlerez à elles, cela ressent mieux sa pureté, tant à elles qu’à vous ; Vous ne devez pas importuner le Prophete de Dieu, & ne devez pas cognoistre ses femmes, ce seroit un tres-enorme peché,
                                                                                                                              54
                                                                                                                              si vous couvez quelque dessein, ou si vous le decouvrez, sçachez que Dieu sçait tout ;
                                                                                                                              55
                                                                                                                              elles n’offenseront pas Dieu de se faire voir à leurs peres, à leurs enfans, à leurs freres, à leurs neveux, à leurs servantes, & à leurs filles esclaves, elles craindront Dieu, il voit tout,
                                                                                                                              56
                                                                                                                              Dieu & les Anges prient pour le Prophete
                                                                                                                              Note [édition originale] : Benissent le Prophete. Voy Gelaldin.
                                                                                                                                ; O vous qui croyez, priez pour le Prophete, & luy obeissez,
                                                                                                                                57
                                                                                                                                celuy qui desplaira à Dieu & à son Prophete sera maudit en ce monde, & ressentira de rigoureuses peines en l’autre ;
                                                                                                                                58
                                                                                                                                Ceux qui font mal sans raison à ceux & à celles qui croyent en Dieu, commettent un tres grand peché ;
                                                                                                                                59
                                                                                                                                O Prophete dis à tes femmes, à tes filles, & aux femmes des vray-croyans,, qu’elles se couvrent de leurs voiles, elles en seront plus honorées, & ne recevront point de deplaisir, Dieu est clement & misericordieux.
                                                                                                                                60
                                                                                                                                Si les
                                                                                                                                Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                                meschants ,
                                                                                                                                les paillards, & ceux de la Medine qui sont foibles en leur foy, ne quittent leur impieté, je te donneray pouvoir absolu sur eux, peu d’entr’eux te respecteront,
                                                                                                                                61
                                                                                                                                mais prens les, & les tuë où tu les rencontreras,
                                                                                                                                62
                                                                                                                                Dieu l’a ainsi ordonné à ceux qui t’ont precedé, tu ne trouveras point de changement en la loy de Dieu.
                                                                                                                                63
                                                                                                                                Le peuple t’interrogera quand sera le jour du Jugement, Dis leur, que Dieu seul le sçait, & que tu ne sçais pas s’il sera bien-tost,
                                                                                                                                64
                                                                                                                                mais que Dieu a preparé pour les infidelles un tres-grand brasier
                                                                                                                                65
                                                                                                                                où ils brûleront eternellement, ils ne trouveront point de protection,
                                                                                                                                66
                                                                                                                                ils seront renversez la teste premiere dans le feu, & diront plûst à Dieu que nous eussions obey à sa divine Majesté & à son Prophete son Apostre,,
                                                                                                                                67
                                                                                                                                ils diront, Seigneur nous avons obey à nos Maistres & à nos Superieurs, ils nous ont devoyez du droict chemin,
                                                                                                                                68
                                                                                                                                Seigneur chastie-les doublement, & leur donne ta malediction.
                                                                                                                                69
                                                                                                                                O vous qui croyez, ne soyez pas comme ceux qui ont desplû à Moïse, il estoit innocent des crimes qu’ils luy imposoient, il estoit inspiré de Dieu,
                                                                                                                                70
                                                                                                                                craignez Dieu & parlez avec civilité,
                                                                                                                                71
                                                                                                                                vos œuvres luy seront agreables, & vous pardonnera vos pechez ; Celuy sera heureux qui obeïra à Dieu, & à son Apostre,
                                                                                                                                72
                                                                                                                                la fidelité & l’obeïssance luy sont agreables au Ciel & en la Terre & sur les montagnes, Ceux qui s’en esloignent comme a fait Adam, se font fait tort à eux-mesmes, & sont des ignorans,
                                                                                                                                73
                                                                                                                                il chastiera ceux & celles qui seront desobeissans &
                                                                                                                                Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                                impies, il donnera sa grace à ceux & à celles qui croiront en sa loy, il est clement & misericordieux à ceux qui luy obeïssent.
                                                                                                                                ←|→
                                                                                                                                Arrivabene, 1547Contexte
                                                                                                                                X
                                                                                                                                In nome di Dio misericordioso, e Pio. CAPITOLO XV.
                                                                                                                                1
                                                                                                                                TU PROPHETA temendo Dio che conosce i tuoi fatti, e ogni altra cosa non seguitar i malvagi,
                                                                                                                                3
                                                                                                                                accommandandoti a Dio solo, il quale è a bastanza.
                                                                                                                                4
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Vieta i matrimoni tra parenti.
                                                                                                                                • [B]
                                                                                                                                Non diede mai duoi cuori ad alcuno, ne permesse che si togliessero per donna le madri, ne le figliuole, il che voi confermate, Dio che conosce il vero mostrando la via retta,
                                                                                                                                5
                                                                                                                                non ha voluto esser chiamato in questa parte. Non vendicar l’ingiurie fatteti, se non per volontà.
                                                                                                                                6
                                                                                                                                Perche Dio perdonera prohibendo a tutti i buoni che non toglino le madri per mogli.
                                                                                                                                7
                                                                                                                                Habbiamo fortificato te con gran dilettione, e col patto, come ancho gli altri Propheti, Noe, Abram, Mose, e
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : CHRISTO figliuol di MARIA.
                                                                                                                                • [B]
                                                                                                                                CHRISTO figliuol di MARIA,
                                                                                                                                9
                                                                                                                                Tutti adunque i credenti invochino Dio, ringratiandolo in ogni cosa che fanno. Quando Dio vedendo i vostri atti, e tentandolo i credenti,
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Tocca una tempesta horrenda.
                                                                                                                                • [B]
                                                                                                                                fe venir gli esserciti da
                                                                                                                                voi
                                                                                                                                Correction de : noi
                                                                                                                                non veduti dopo i gran venti
                                                                                                                                10
                                                                                                                                sopra di voi, gli occhi vostri stupirono, e non poteste formar per la paura le parole.
                                                                                                                                11
                                                                                                                                Onde dubitando di Dio cedeste alla vittoria.
                                                                                                                                12
                                                                                                                                Gli incredoli che dicevano, Dio, e il Propheta falso haver promesso,
                                                                                                                                13
                                                                                                                                essaminammo la gente di Ietrib, dicendo. Il ritardar vi è impossibile, ma
                                                                                                                                Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                                affrettate
                                                                                                                                piu tosto la ritornata, mandando al Propheta, iscusandovi che le vostre case son abbandonate. Non eran per innanzi distrutte, ma cosi si consigliavano con la fuga,
                                                                                                                                14
                                                                                                                                e quantunque l’essercito sopravenisse alle case loro da ogni banda, non trovavan se non pochi ribelli, fuggendo gli altri.
                                                                                                                                15
                                                                                                                                Dio ricerchera la promessa da coloro che dissero di non si lasciar, ne vincer, ne cacciare,
                                                                                                                                16
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Issorta alla guerra perche ogni modo si convien morire.
                                                                                                                                • [B]
                                                                                                                                Ma che giova lor fuggir dalla guerra, e dall’occisione, se la vita loro è brevissima?
                                                                                                                                17
                                                                                                                                Chi gli difendera da Dio s’egli vorra nuocer loro?
                                                                                                                                Dio veramente rimunera i credenti ottimamente, e danna gli incredoli, e sovenendo con la sua pietà perdona loro.
                                                                                                                                25
                                                                                                                                Gli incredoli quasi adirati saranno addotti innanzi à Dio, il quale guardi i buoni dalle guerre,
                                                                                                                                26
                                                                                                                                e quivi patiranno la pena.
                                                                                                                                28
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Quanta cura ha delle sue mogli come quello che allhora ne haveva xiii.
                                                                                                                                • [A]
                                                                                                                                Tu Propheta favella cosi alle tue mogli, se voi volete piu tosto la vita, e l’ornamento di questo mondo, vi daro licenza, & vi lasciero andar dove piu vi piace,
                                                                                                                                29
                                                                                                                                Ma se voi amerete piu Dio, il Propheta, e l’altra vita, Dio si come a tutti gli altri buoni, vi dara perdono, e mercede, raddoppiando il beneficio, e l’allegrezza.
                                                                                                                                30
                                                                                                                                E chiunque chiedera alle donne del Propheta cosa inhonesta, e nefanda, sarà da Dio punito doppiamente,
                                                                                                                                31
                                                                                                                                e ciascuno che fara bene alle donne del Propheta, ricevera merito in doppio da Dio.
                                                                                                                                32
                                                                                                                                Et voi donne del Propheta, se temerete, non simiglianti all’altre, non vogliate dir parole lascive, ma honeste, e buone. Perche gli huomini di cuore infermo, udendovi dishoneste, spererebbono da voi qualche cosa: statevi nelle case vostre, faccendo orationi, e limosine, imitando Dio, e il Propheta
                                                                                                                                34
                                                                                                                                nominando Dio, e la sua sapientia sopra voi letta,
                                                                                                                                33
                                                                                                                                Perche Dio desidera che voi siate monde, e benedette, habitando voi la casa del Propheta.
                                                                                                                                35
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Buone opere, et uffici de gli huomini, e donne..
                                                                                                                                • [B]
                                                                                                                                Gli huomini, e le donne, che si dedicano à Dio, e che credono, & orano, e son veraci, e durabili, e che digiunano, fanno limosine, e chiamano Dio, haranno allegrezza senza fine.
                                                                                                                                36
                                                                                                                                Non è lecito allo huomo, e alla donna che fa bene non si scostar al giudicio dato da Dio, e dal Propheta.
                                                                                                                                37
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Larga dispensatione forse intendendo di Maria moglie del Re de Giacobiti.
                                                                                                                                Dopo adunque il divortio del marito di volontà, dopo la partita da mariti, ti habbiamo permesso che tu possa torgli per mogli . Egli è lecito a buoni, poi che si son partite da mariti loro prenderle per donna, cosi vuole Dio,
                                                                                                                                40
                                                                                                                                ilquale ha mandato Macometto ultimo di tutti i Propheti.
                                                                                                                                41
                                                                                                                                Huomini buoni adorate Dio continovamente,
                                                                                                                                43
                                                                                                                                ilquale vi riduce dalle tenebre alla lume,
                                                                                                                                44
                                                                                                                                & è datore di allegrezza.
                                                                                                                                45
                                                                                                                                Tu Propheta mandato Nuntio, e testimone, e correttor delle genti,
                                                                                                                                48
                                                                                                                                non seguitar gli incredoli, e malvagi, ma piu tosto lasciandoli accommandati a Dio.
                                                                                                                                49
                                                                                                                                Huomini buoni, se voi lascierete le donne sposate senza toccarle,
                                                                                                                                Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                                faccendo
                                                                                                                                lor dono mandatele, pure, e honeste.
                                                                                                                                50
                                                                                                                                E a te solo o Propheta, e lecito, usar carnalmente con tutte le donne, alle quali donerai, e con tutte quelle che per via di compera ti saranno soggette, e con le tue zie, con le tue parenti, e con tutte le buone donne che desiderano sottoporsi a te volente.
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : O sporco mancipio di libidine, et o huomini di piombo che tolerarono cotal mostro o non lo punirono.
                                                                                                                                • [B]
                                                                                                                                Gia penso, che ti sia noto quel che tu & gli altri buoni havete da fare di chi vi è sottoposto.
                                                                                                                                51
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Leggi di Divortio non ammesse da Mose ne usate da gente alcuna.
                                                                                                                                • [B]
                                                                                                                                rimuovi quelle, e prendi quell’altre secondo il voler tuo, ne molestar le prime mandate via, se tu l’amerai perche esse debbono obbedir a tuoi desideri, e Dio conosce i secreti del cuor vostro,
                                                                                                                                52
                                                                                                                                Dopo quelle non ti son lecite l’altre.
                                                                                                                                53
                                                                                                                                Nissuno entri in casa del Propheta, quand’e mangia se prima non chiama, E se entra non vi faccia poi cosa dishonesta, o ridicola. Perche questa è cosa nociva al Propheta, ma chi vuol qualche cosa si stia fuor della porta. Nissuno non deve nuocere al Propheta in cosa alcuna, ne haver la sua moglie dopo lui, essendo questo cosa grave a Dio.
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Sia cauto il Tiranno, e ragionevolmente.
                                                                                                                                • [B]
                                                                                                                                55
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : La gelosia habbia modo.
                                                                                                                                • [B]
                                                                                                                                Nissuno sia geloso per i padri, per i fratelli, per i figliuoli, per i nipoti, ne per i famigliari. Temete Dio testimon di tutto.
                                                                                                                                56
                                                                                                                                Et adorando gli Angeli, e Dio per il Propheta, adorate anche voi Dio per lui.
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Che si preghi per Macometto accioche il mostro si conservi.
                                                                                                                                57
                                                                                                                                Chi favellera male di Dio, e del Propheta patira gran male nell’altro secolo, il simile chi dice mal de buoni.
                                                                                                                                59
                                                                                                                                Tu Propheta commanda alle tue, et all’altre donne che si cuoprino il volto, accioche non si vegga quel che elle si siano, o che si dica mal di loro.
                                                                                                                                63
                                                                                                                                Chi dubita dell’hora futura, sappia che solo Dio lo sa,
                                                                                                                                64
                                                                                                                                65
                                                                                                                                e sara punito da Dio.
                                                                                                                                66
                                                                                                                                Quel di desideraranno haver creduto al Propheta.
                                                                                                                                69
                                                                                                                                Buoni non imitate coloro che dicevan mal di Mose, che liberato da Dio appare
                                                                                                                                buono,
                                                                                                                                Correction de : buuono,
                                                                                                                                e honesto,
                                                                                                                                71
                                                                                                                                Dio dirizzera i fatti vostri, e perdonera i peccati,
                                                                                                                                73
                                                                                                                                & à malvagi dara tormento, a buoni contento, e allegrezza, perche egli è piissimo, e perdona,
                                                                                                                                ←|→
                                                                                                                                Bibliander, 1550Contexte
                                                                                                                                X
                                                                                                                                AZOARA XLIII.
                                                                                                                                In n. etc.
                                                                                                                                1
                                                                                                                                Tu propheta Deum omnia noscentem, tuaque facta perspicientem, timens, nequaquam malos et incredulos sequere,
                                                                                                                                3
                                                                                                                                te prorsus illi commendans, cuius protectio sufficit.
                                                                                                                                4
                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Prohibet incestas nuptias.
                                                                                                                                  Nemini quidem duo corda tribuit, nec matres in uxores, quae causa sunt uobis balnei, ducere permisit, nec filios uestros : quod et uos etiam confirmatis. Deus ipse uerum omne dinoscens, uiamque rectam pandens,
                                                                                                                                  5
                                                                                                                                  Note [édition originale] : Voluntariae iniuriae demum castigandae.
                                                                                                                                    illac aduocari noluit, sed parentes suos, quod est optimum, uel fratres, earumue censores. De factis iniustis nullatenus, nisi sponte crebroque factis, molesteris.
                                                                                                                                    6
                                                                                                                                    Deus enim condonabit, prohibens omnibus bonis, ne matres suas in uxores ducant. Unius etiam legis quidam plus caeteris promerentur, uelut benefacientes, firmeque credentes. Hoc enim per Dei librum firmatum est.
                                                                                                                                    7
                                                                                                                                    Te quidem, sicut et caeteros prophetas, Noë inde et Abraham, ac Moysen,
                                                                                                                                    Note [édition originale] : Christus Mariae filius.
                                                                                                                                      Christumque Mariae filium, pacto dilectionis operisque boni perstrinximus,
                                                                                                                                      8
                                                                                                                                      qui suum a ueridicis uerum perscrutabimur, et incredulos malo grauissimo torquebimus.
                                                                                                                                      9
                                                                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : Tempestatis horrendae meminit et cladis.
                                                                                                                                        Omnes itaque credentes, Deum inuocent, illi grates in omnibus referentes. Quando Deus actus uestros perspiciens, et credentes tentans, exercitus a uobis non uisos, post uentos immissos
                                                                                                                                        10
                                                                                                                                        undique super uos uenire fecit, oculi uestri stupuerunt, cordaque fere faucibus adhaeserunt :
                                                                                                                                        11
                                                                                                                                        Unde uos de Deo dubitantes, uictoriae malae succubuistis.
                                                                                                                                        12
                                                                                                                                        ¶ Increduli quidem, et cordis infirmi, dicentes Deum atque prophetam falsum fecisse pollicitum,
                                                                                                                                        13
                                                                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : Iethrib, quae primo recipit Machumetem, alii monuerunt ad resipiscendum.
                                                                                                                                          gentem Iethrib examinabant, inquientes : Mora quidem uobis est impossibilis : sed potius reditum properate, mittentes ad prophetam nuncium, uos excusantes, et dicentes : domos uestras esse desertas. Non erant autem destructae, sed sic fugae consulebant.
                                                                                                                                          14
                                                                                                                                          Licet enim undique illis domo repertis superuenissent exercitus, non nisi paucos rebelles, plures autem fugientes reperirent.
                                                                                                                                          15
                                                                                                                                          Ab illis quidem prius pollicitis, se nec uincendos, nec fugandos, Deus promissum exquiret.
                                                                                                                                          16
                                                                                                                                          Note [édition originale] : Non fugiendum e praelio : quia uita hominis breuis.
                                                                                                                                            Sed quid prodest eorum a caede morteue fuga, cum eorum uita breuissima sit ?
                                                                                                                                            17
                                                                                                                                            Quis eos a Deo, nocere uel obesse uolente, qui solus est tutor et uindex, proteget ?
                                                                                                                                            18
                                                                                                                                            Ipse quidem scit uestri sociorumque, se per alios defendentium, et dicentium, ut uos paucis pugnae dimissis ad illos eatis, iniurias et contumelias.
                                                                                                                                            19
                                                                                                                                            Illi quidem rumore metus accidente, uos circumquaque uelut mortis certus, atque caecus conspiciunt : metu discedente uos oculis acutis respiciunt, et auarissimi manent. Deus autem eorum facta delet, multumque leuiter.
                                                                                                                                            20
                                                                                                                                            Si illis cogitantibus exercitus non discessuros, illi superuenissent, paucos rebelles inuenirent. Eorum namque pars plurima sibi timens, exercitus
                                                                                                                                            Facsimile Image Placeholder
                                                                                                                                            aliis incumbere uillis optaret.
                                                                                                                                            21
                                                                                                                                            ¶ Prophetam tamen ducem, et persecutorem bonum, in Deo sperantem, eumque multum inuocantem, dieique futurae credentem habebant.
                                                                                                                                            Note [édition originale] : Machumet dux bonus quia spem collocans in Deo. Est id quidem praecipuum in duce. Psal. 18.
                                                                                                                                              22
                                                                                                                                              Boni quidem illis exercitibus uisis, Deum suo prophetae uerbum misisse, sibique terminum illum proposuisse firmabant : sicque fides eorum et meritum creuerunt.
                                                                                                                                              23
                                                                                                                                              Credentium illud Dei uerbum quidam morti subcubuerunt, quidam superstites nihil inde mutauerunt.
                                                                                                                                              24
                                                                                                                                              Deus autem credentes ob fidem suam optime remunerat, incredulos damnat, uel forsan sua pietate subueniente ueniam tribuit.
                                                                                                                                              25
                                                                                                                                              Reducentur quidem increduli irati, uelut nil boni lucrati, Ad Deum ipsum, qui fortis et potens bonos a lite protexit :
                                                                                                                                              26
                                                                                                                                              Illis rebelles, a suis sublimatibus deposuit, et eorum cordibus impressit. Unde eorum quidam mortem, quidam captiuitatem passi sunt :
                                                                                                                                              27
                                                                                                                                              uosque suarum terrarum et caeterorum etiam hominum, nondum a uobis uisorum, suarumque pecuniarum haeredes Deus omnipotens constituit.
                                                                                                                                              28
                                                                                                                                              Note [édition originale] : Uxorum Machumet conditio.
                                                                                                                                                Tu propheta tuas sic mulieres alloquere : Si uitam et ornatum huius mundi malueritis, uelle uestrum uobis dabo, formoseque dimittam.
                                                                                                                                                29
                                                                                                                                                Si Deum autem, atque prophetam, aliamque uitam plus dilexeritis, uobis, uelut et omnibus bonis, Deus ueniam mercedemque maximam tribuet, beneficium duplicando, gaudiumque plenum praebendo.
                                                                                                                                                30
                                                                                                                                                Omnis quidem a prophetae mulieribus quid nefandum uel non gerendum postulans, malum suum a Deo duplicatum inueniet.
                                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Et quod tibi non uis fieri, alteri ne feceris. Cur matronas sectaris Machumet.
                                                                                                                                                  31
                                                                                                                                                  ¶ Omni quoque mulieri prophetae, Deum et ipsum sequendo benefacienti, meritum suum duplicabitur.
                                                                                                                                                  32
                                                                                                                                                  Vos prophetae mulieres si timueritis, caeteris nequaquam similes, nolite uerba blanda seu lasciua proferre, sed honesta et cognita. Homines etenim cordis infirmi, tunc a uobis aliquid non agendum sperarent. In domibus uestris manete, non euntes modo priorum : et orationes ac eleemosynas gerendo, Deum atque prophetam imitemini,
                                                                                                                                                  34
                                                                                                                                                  et Dei sapientiam suaque praecepta lecta super uos nominate.
                                                                                                                                                  33
                                                                                                                                                  Deus enim a uobis, quoniam prophetae domum inhabitatis, omne malum auferre proponens, uos lotas et benedictas esse desiderat,
                                                                                                                                                  34
                                                                                                                                                  cum sit mitis atque sapiens.
                                                                                                                                                  35
                                                                                                                                                  Note [édition originale] : Opera bona, seu officia uirorum et foeminarum.
                                                                                                                                                    Viri, seu foeminae, se Deo penitus uouentes, et credentes, ac orantes, et ueraces, et indurantes, ac flentes, genuaque Deo flectentes, et eleemosynas ac ieiunia peragentes, castitateque perseuerantes, et Deum iugiter inuocantes, a Deo ueniam et gaudium plenum assequentur.
                                                                                                                                                    36
                                                                                                                                                    Non decet uirum, seu mulierem benefacientem, non adhaerere iudicio dato, foederiue praecepto a Deo seu propheta.
                                                                                                                                                    37
                                                                                                                                                    Tu uero uirum a Deo ditatum affatus, dicendo, Tene mulierem, timeque Deum, quidnam a solo Deo notum, plus homines quam deum, timens, timuisti, licet Deum plus timere deberes. Post moram igitur sui mariti pro uelle suo cum illa, tibi permisimus illam ducere sponsam. Licet enim etiam bonis omnibus, post discessum suum a maritis, quas libet Deo iubente ducere.
                                                                                                                                                    Note [édition originale] : Larga dispensatio super matrimonio.
                                                                                                                                                      38
                                                                                                                                                      Non erat igitur prophetae curandum tum Dei mandatum, tum praedecessorum morem diuinitus statutum exequi.
                                                                                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : Intelliguntur haec e Maria uxore regis Iacobitarum.
                                                                                                                                                        39
                                                                                                                                                        Deusque solus est sufficiens dinumerator, sua mandata ferentium, et se solum timentium.
                                                                                                                                                        40
                                                                                                                                                        Machometus nequaquam pater alicuius, uestrique tantum Dei, scientis omnia, legatus, postremum omnium sigillum et cumulus accessit.
                                                                                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : Machumet ultimus propheta, ut quidam interpretantur. Diuersum tamen legis de religione Turcarum.
                                                                                                                                                          41
                                                                                                                                                          ¶ Viri boni, Deum iugiter,
                                                                                                                                                          42
                                                                                                                                                          mane uespereque ipsum adorantes,
                                                                                                                                                          41
                                                                                                                                                          inuocate :
                                                                                                                                                          43
                                                                                                                                                          qui uobis beneficus atque propicius, sicut et angeli sui, uos e tenebris ad lucem reducit :
                                                                                                                                                          44
                                                                                                                                                          gaudiique pleni dator, die congregationis uerbum salubre profert.
                                                                                                                                                          45
                                                                                                                                                          Tu propheta, missus a nobis testis et nuncius, ac gentis corrector,
                                                                                                                                                          46
                                                                                                                                                          eiusque prolocutor coram Deo, luxque manifesta bonis,
                                                                                                                                                          47
                                                                                                                                                          nunciaturus se gaudium plenum habituros.
                                                                                                                                                          48
                                                                                                                                                          Malos et incredulos non sequere, sed potius
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                                                                                                                                                          illos linquendo, te Deo prorsus, quia salutem sufficienter praestat, commenda.
                                                                                                                                                          49
                                                                                                                                                          Note [édition originale] : Repudium.
                                                                                                                                                            Viri boni, si mulieres desponsatas intactas dimiseritis, illis munera faciendo, formose dimittite. Et ipsis deinceps de mora determinata non est curandum.
                                                                                                                                                            Note [édition originale] : O foedissimum libidinis mancipium. O plumbeos homines qui haec non animaduerterunt, aut perferre potuerunt.
                                                                                                                                                              50
                                                                                                                                                              Tibi quidem, o propheta, mulieres omnes, quibus donando dederis, et omnes tuae manui per emptionem suppositas, et amitae tuae materteraeque filias, omnes item bonas mulieres, tibi uolenti gratis subcumbere cupientes, hocque tibi soli permittitur, licitas constituimus. Iam notum esse censeo, quid tibi et caeteris bonis de mulieribus uestris, atque de suppositis manibus uestris agendum sit.
                                                                                                                                                              51
                                                                                                                                                              ¶ Has a te semoue, illas adiunge, pro uelle tuo : nec prius abiectis, si dilexeris eas, molesteris. Illae namque tuo uoto parere debent. Deus autem sublimis et sapiens, uestrorum secreta cordium agnoscit.
                                                                                                                                                              52
                                                                                                                                                              Post illas tamen non est tibi licitum, alias, licet placidiores et habiliores, pro tuis mutuo sumere, nec aliquam etiam illarum uice sumere, nisi tantum tuae manui subditas. Deus enim omnipotens, omnia penetrat.
                                                                                                                                                              Note [édition originale] : Diuortii leges, neque Mosi, neque naturae humanae congruentes.
                                                                                                                                                                53
                                                                                                                                                                Note [édition originale] : Ut
                                                                                                                                                                liceat
                                                                                                                                                                Correction de : licet
                                                                                                                                                                domum Machumetis ingredi praesertim conuiuas.
                                                                                                                                                                  Nullus prophetae domum comestum ingrediatur, nisi uocatus. Tunc autem accedans, pransus statim exeat, nec aliquod ibi ridiculum seu ludum agat. Hoc enim est prophetae nociuum et taediosum, qui uos uerecundatur. Sed Deus quidem uerum absque uerecundia promit. Quaerens autem quodlibet, extra portam maneat. Hoc enim est optimum. Neminem quidem oportet uel prophetam in aliquo laedere, uel uxorem eius nunquam post eum habere : cum hoc Deo molestum sit, atque graue :
                                                                                                                                                                  Note [édition originale] : Bene sibi ubique cauet legislator, neque iniuria.
                                                                                                                                                                    54
                                                                                                                                                                    qui perfecte perspicit, si quid clam seu palam fecerit quis.
                                                                                                                                                                    55
                                                                                                                                                                    Note [édition originale] : Zelotypia modum habeat.
                                                                                                                                                                      Nemo tamen zelotypia torqueatur, ob patres, uel fratres, seu filios, uel nepotes, aut mulieres ingredientes, seu subditos. Deum timete, testem omnium.
                                                                                                                                                                      56
                                                                                                                                                                      Cumque Deus et angeli propter prophetam exorent, uos quoque Deum precemini pro ipso, ut ipsum saluet et protegat.
                                                                                                                                                                      Note [édition originale] : Orent homines pro Machumet, ut seruetur : quia pro ipso et angeli et Deus orant. Quis non amplexetur istam sapientiam ?
                                                                                                                                                                        57
                                                                                                                                                                        Male loquentes de Deo atque propheta, in hoc saeculoque futuro a Deo repellendi, graue malum patientur.
                                                                                                                                                                        58
                                                                                                                                                                        Malum quoque dicentes de bonis uiris, seu foeminis mentiendo, mendacii grauisque peccati supplicio punientur.
                                                                                                                                                                        59
                                                                                                                                                                        Note [édition originale] : Foeminae uelentur.
                                                                                                                                                                          Tu quidem propheta generaliter iniunge tuae, cunctorumque bonorum mulieribus et filiabus, ut suas facies quantum licet tegant, ne quales sint uideantur : uel malum de illis uerbum proferatur, cuius ueniae Deus largitor est.
                                                                                                                                                                          60
                                                                                                                                                                          Nisi se conuerterint inconstantes, cordisque pusillanimis de Midena,
                                                                                                                                                                          Note [édition originale] : Midenenses accusantur timiditatis.
                                                                                                                                                                            malum maximum a me suscipient.
                                                                                                                                                                            61
                                                                                                                                                                            Vestri propinqui non nisi parum mansuri, ubique repulsi, et quouis reperti perimantur.
                                                                                                                                                                            62
                                                                                                                                                                            ¶ More priorum adhuc inuariabili
                                                                                                                                                                            63
                                                                                                                                                                            Note [édition originale] : Nouissimi diei aduentus incertus.
                                                                                                                                                                              de Deo dubitantes, et quaerentes aduentum illius horae, sciant Deum solum hoc dinoscere, et fortassis illico ueniet.
                                                                                                                                                                              64
                                                                                                                                                                              Illos autem Deus repudians, igne
                                                                                                                                                                              65
                                                                                                                                                                              perpetuo damnabit, omnis tutoris et uindicis expertes.
                                                                                                                                                                              66
                                                                                                                                                                              Die quidem, qua suas in igne facies uoluent, optabunt se in Deum sequendo prophetam credidisse, et conquerendo dicent :
                                                                                                                                                                              67
                                                                                                                                                                              O Deus, nostris magnatibus atque potentibus, causa uidelicet erroris nostri, quos nos secuti fuimus,
                                                                                                                                                                              68
                                                                                                                                                                              malum imputa, longiusque repelle.
                                                                                                                                                                              69
                                                                                                                                                                              Viri boni, non imitemini male loquentes de Moyse, qui per Deum a prauiloquio liberatus, honestus et bonorum exemplum apparuit.
                                                                                                                                                                              71
                                                                                                                                                                              ¶ Deus facta uestra diriget, peccataque dimittet : quem, atque prophetam quilibet sequendo, magnum quid adipiscitur.
                                                                                                                                                                              72
                                                                                                                                                                              Conditionem uestram fidelem, super coelos et terram ac montes firmatam, homo suis adsumpsit humeris : quam postea derelinquens, malus et inscius est effectus.
                                                                                                                                                                              73
                                                                                                                                                                              Incredulis quidem uiris seu foeminis, suisque participibus, Deus flagitium inferet : Bonis autem omnibus, ueniam et gaudium tribuet. Est namque piissimus, ueniaeque dator.
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                                                                                                                                                                              Al-Ǧalālayn, 1465-6Contexte
                                                                                                                                                                              X
                                                                                                                                                                              سورة الأحزاب
                                                                                                                                                                              1
                                                                                                                                                                              «يا أيها النبي اتق الله» دم على تقواه «ولا تطع الكافرين والمنافقين» فيما يخالف شريعتك «إن الله كان عليما» بما يكون قبل كونه «حكيما» فيما يخلقه.
                                                                                                                                                                              2
                                                                                                                                                                              «واتبع ما يوحى إليك من ربك» أي القرآن «إن الله كان بما تعملون خبيرا» وفي قراءة بالتحتانية.
                                                                                                                                                                              3
                                                                                                                                                                              «وتوكل على الله» في أمرك «وكفى بالله وكيلا» حافظا لك، وأمته تبع له في ذلك كله.
                                                                                                                                                                              4
                                                                                                                                                                              «ما جعل الله لرجل من قلبين في جوفه» ردا على من قال من الكفار إن له قلبين يعقل بكل منهما أفضل من عقل محمد «وما جعل أزواجكم اللائي» بهمزة وياء وبلا ياء «تَظَّهَّروُنَ» بلا ألف قبل الهاء وبها والتاء الثانية في الأصل مدغمة في الظاء «منهن» يقول الواحد مثلا لزوجته أنت على كظهر أمي «أمهاتكم» أي كالأمهات في تحريمها بذلك المعد في الجاهلية طلاقا، وإنما تجب به الكفارة بشرطه كما ذكر في سورة المجادلة «وما جعل أدعياءَكم» جمع دعي وهو من يدعي لغير أبيه أبنا له «أبناءَكم» حقيقة «ذلكم قولكم بأفواهكم» أي اليهود والمنافقين قالوا لما تزوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم زينب بنت جحش التي كانت امرأة زيد بن حارثة الذي تبناه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قالوا: تزوج محمد امرأة ابنه فأكذبهم الله تعالى في ذلك «والله يقول الحق» في ذلك «وهو يهدي السبيل» سبيل الحق.
                                                                                                                                                                              5
                                                                                                                                                                              لكن «ادعوهم لآبائهم هو أقسطُ» أعدل «عند الله، فإن لم تعلموا آباءهم فإخوانكم في الدين ومواليكم» بنو عمكم «وليس عليكم جناح فيما أخطأتم به» في ذلك «ولكن» في «ما تعمدت قلوبكم» فيه أي بعد النهي «وكان الله غفورا» لما كان من قولكم قبل النهي «رحيما» بكم في ذلك.
                                                                                                                                                                              6
                                                                                                                                                                              «النبيُّ أولى بالمؤمنين من أنفسهم» فيما دعاهم إليه ودعتهم أنفسهم إلى خلافه «وأزواجه أمهاتهم» في حرمة نكاحهن عليهم «وأولوا الأرحام» ذوو القرابات «بعضهم أولى ببعض» في الإرث «في كتاب الله من المؤمنين والمهاجرين» أي من الإرث بالإيمان والهجرة الذي كان أول الإسلام فنسخ «إلا» لكن «أن تفعلوا إلى أوليائكم معروفا» بوصية فجائز «كان ذلك» أي نسخ الإرث بالإيمان والهجرة بإرث ذوي الأرحام «في الكتاب مسطورا» وأريد بالكتاب في الموضعين اللوح المحفوظ.
                                                                                                                                                                              7
                                                                                                                                                                              «و» اذكر «إذ أخذنا من النبيين ميثاقهم» حين أخرجوا من صلب آدم كالذرّ جمع ذرة وهي أصغر النمل «ومنك ومن نوح وإبراهيم وموسى وعيسى ابن مريم» بأن يعبدوا الله ويدعوا إلى عبادته وذكر الخمسة من عطف الخاص على العام «وأخذنا منهم ميثاقا غليظا» شديدا بالوفاء بما حملوه وهو اليمين بالله تعالى ثم أخذ الميثاق.
                                                                                                                                                                              8
                                                                                                                                                                              «ليسأل» الله «الصادقين عن صدقهم» في تبليغ الرسالة تبكيتا للكافرين بهم «وأعد» تعالى «للكافرين» بهم «عذابا أليما» مؤلما هو عطف على أخذنا.
                                                                                                                                                                              9
                                                                                                                                                                              «يا أيها الذين آمنوا اذكروا نعمة الله عليكم إذ جاءتكم جنود» من الكفار متحزبون أيام حفر الخندق «فأرسلنا عليهم ريحا وجنودا لم تروها» من الملائكة «وكان الله بما تعملون» بالتاء من حفر الخندق وبالياء من تحزيب المشركين «بصيرا».
                                                                                                                                                                              10
                                                                                                                                                                              «إذ جاؤوكم من فوقكم ومن أسفل منكم» من أعلى الوادي وأسفله من المشرق والمغرب «وإذ زاغت الأبصار» مالت عن كل شيء إلى عدوّها من كل جانب «وبلغت القلوب الحناجر» جمع حنجرة وهي منتهى الحلقوم من شدة الخوف «وتظنون بالله الظنونا» المختلفة بالنصر والبأس.
                                                                                                                                                                              11
                                                                                                                                                                              «هنالك ابتُليَ المؤمنون» اختبروا ليتبين المخلص من غيره «وزلزلوا» حركوا «زلزالا شديدا» من شدة الفزع.
                                                                                                                                                                              12
                                                                                                                                                                              «و» اذكر «إذ يقول المنافقون والذين في قلوبهم مرض» ضعف اعتقاد «ما وعدنا الله ورسوله» بالنصر «إلا غرورا» باطلا.
                                                                                                                                                                              13
                                                                                                                                                                              «وإذ قالت طائفة منهم» أي المنافقون «يا أهل يثرب» هي أرض المدينة ولم تصرف للعلمية ووزن الفعل «لا مقام لكم» بضم الميم وفتحها: أي لا إقامة ولا مكانة «فارجعوا» إلى منازلكم من المدينة وكانوا خرجوا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى سلع جبل خارج المدينة للقتال «ويستأذن فريق منهم النبي» في الرجوع «يقولون إنَّ بيوتنا عورة» غير حصينة يخشى عليها، قال تعالى: «وما هي بعورة إن» ما «يريدون إلا فرارا» من القتال.
                                                                                                                                                                              14
                                                                                                                                                                              «ولو دُخلت» أي المدينة «عليهم من أقطارها» نواحيها «ثم سُئِلوا» أي سألهم الداخلون «الفتنة» الشرك «لآتوها» بالمد والقصر أي أعطوها وفعلوها «وما تلبَّثوا بها إلا يسيراً».
                                                                                                                                                                              15
                                                                                                                                                                              «ولقد كانوا عاهدوا الله من قبل لا يولون الأدبار وكان عهد الله مسؤولا» عن الوفاء به.
                                                                                                                                                                              16
                                                                                                                                                                              «قل لن ينفعكم الفرار إن فررتم من الموت أو القتل وإذا» إن فررتم «لا تمتعون» في الدنيا بعد فراركم «إلا قليلا» بقية آجالكم.
                                                                                                                                                                              17
                                                                                                                                                                              «قل من ذا الذي يعصمكم» يجيركم «من الله إن أراد بكم سوءا» هلاكا وهزيمة «أو» يصيبكم بسوء إن «أراد» الله «بكم رحمة» خيرا «ولا يجدون لهم من دون الله» أي غيره «وليا» ينفعهم «ولا نصيرا» يدفع الضُرَّ عنهم.
                                                                                                                                                                              18
                                                                                                                                                                              «قد يعلم الله المعوقين» المثبطين «منكم والقائلين لإخوانهم هلمَّ» تعالوا «إلينا ولا يأتون البأس» القتال «إلا قليلا» رياء وسمعة.
                                                                                                                                                                              19
                                                                                                                                                                              «أشحة عليكم» بالمعاونة، جمع شحيح وهو حال من ضمير يأتون «فإذا جاء الخوف رأيتهم ينظرون إليك تدور أعينهم كالذي» كنظر أو كدوران الذي «يغشى عليه من الموت» أي سكراته «فإذا ذهب الخوف» وحيزت الغنائم «سلقوكم» آذوكم أو ضربوكم «بألسنة حداد أشحة على الخير» أي الغنيمة يطلبونها «أولئك لم يؤمنوا» حقيقة «فأحبط الله أعمالهم وكان ذلك» الإحباط «على الله يسيرا» بإرادته.
                                                                                                                                                                              20
                                                                                                                                                                              «يحسبون الأحزاب» من الكفار «لم يذهبوا» إلى مكة لخوفهم منهم «وإن يأت الأحزاب» كرة أخرى «يودُّوا» يتمنوا «لو أنهم بادون في الأعراب» أي كائنون في البادية «يسألون عن أنبائكم» أخباركم مع الكفار «ولو كانوا فيكم» هذه الكرة «ما قاتلوا إلا قليلا» رياءً وخوفا من التعيير.
                                                                                                                                                                              21
                                                                                                                                                                              «لقد كان لكم في رسول الله أسوة» بكسر الهمزة وضمها «حسنة» اقتداء به في القتال والثبات في مواطنه «لمن» بدل من لكم «كان يرجو الله» يخافه «واليوم الآخر وذكر الله كثيرا» بخلاف من ليس كذلك.
                                                                                                                                                                              22
                                                                                                                                                                              «ولمَّا رأى المؤمنون الأحزاب» من الكفار «قالوا هذا ما وعدنا الله ورسوله» من الابتلاء والنصر «وصدق الله ورسوله» في الوعد «وما زادهم» ذلك «إلا إيمانا» تصديقا بوعد الله «وتسليما» لأمره.
                                                                                                                                                                              23
                                                                                                                                                                              «من المؤمنين رجال صدقوا ما عاهدوا الله عليه» من الثبات مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم «فمنهم من قضى نحبه» مات أو قتل في سبيل الله «ومنهم من ينتظر» ذلك «وما بدَّلوا تبديلا» في العهد، وهم بخلاف حال المنافقين.
                                                                                                                                                                              24
                                                                                                                                                                              ليجزيَ الله الصادقين بصدقهم ويعذب المنافقين إن شاء» بأن يميتهم على نفاقهم «أو يتوب عليهم إن الله كان غفورا» لمن تاب «رحيما» به.
                                                                                                                                                                              25
                                                                                                                                                                              «وردَّ الله الذين كفروا» أي الأحزاب «بغيظهم لم ينالوا خيرا» مرادهم من الظفر بالمؤمنين «وكفى الله المؤمنين القتال» بالريح والملائكة «وكان الله قويا» على إيجاد ما يريده «عزيزا» غالبا على أمره.
                                                                                                                                                                              26
                                                                                                                                                                              «وأنزل الذين ظاهروهم من أهل الكتاب» أي قريظة «من صياصيهم» حصونهم جمع صيصة وهو ما يتحصن به «وقذف في قلوبهم الرعب» الخوف «فريقا تقتلون» منهم وهم المقاتلة «وتأسرون فريقا» منهم أي الذراري.
                                                                                                                                                                              27
                                                                                                                                                                              «وأورثكم أرضهم وديارهم وأموالهم وأرضا لم تطؤوها» بعد وهي خيبر أخذت بعد قريظة «وكان الله على كل شيءٍ قديرا».
                                                                                                                                                                              28
                                                                                                                                                                              «يا أيها النبي قل لأزواجك» وهن تسع وطلبن منه من زينة الدنيا ما ليس عنده «إن كنتنَّ تردن الحياة الدنيا وزينتها فتعالين أمتعكن» أي متعة الطلاق «وأسرحكن سراحا جميلا» أطلقكنَّ من غير ضرار.
                                                                                                                                                                              29
                                                                                                                                                                              «وإن كنتنَّ تردن الله ورسوله والدار الآخرة» أي الجنة «فإن الله أعد للمحسنات منكن» بإرادة الآخرة «أجرا عظيما» أي الجنة: فاخترن الآخرة على الدنيا.
                                                                                                                                                                              30
                                                                                                                                                                              «يا نساء النبي من يأت منكن بفاحشةٍ مبيَنةٍ» بفتح الياء وكسرها، أي بينت أو هي بينة «يضاعف» وفي قراءة يضعف بالتشديد وفي أخرى نضعف بالنون معه ونصب العذاب «لها العذاب ضعفين» ضعفي عذاب غيرهن، أي مثليه «وكان ذلك على الله يسيرا».
                                                                                                                                                                              31
                                                                                                                                                                              «ومن يقنت» يطع «منكن الله ورسوله وتعمل صالحا نؤتها أجرها مرتين» أي مثلي ثواب غيرهن من النساء، وفي قراءة بالتحتانية في تعمل ونؤتها «وأعتدنا لها رزقا كريما» في الجنة زيادة.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يا نساء النبي لستنَّ كأحد» كجماعة «من النساء إن اتقيتن» الله فإنكن أعظم «فلا تخضعن بالقول» للرجال «فيطمع الذي في قلبه مرض» نفاق «وقلن قولا معروفا» من غير خضوع.
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                                                                                                                                                                              (وقرن) بكسر القاف وفتحها (في بيوتكن) من القرار وأصله: اقررن بكسر الراء وفتحها من قررت بفتح الراء وكسرها نقلت حركة الراء إلى القاف وحذفت مع همزة الوصل (ولا تبرجن) بترك إحدى التاءين من أصله (تبرج الجاهلية الأولى) أي ما قبل الإسلام من إظهار النساء محاسنهن للرجال والإظهار بعد الإسلام مذكور في آية "ولا يبدين زينتهن إلا ما ظهر منها" (وأقمن الصلاة وآتين الزكاة وأطعن الله ورسوله إنما يريد الله ليذهب عنكم الرجس) الإثم يا (أهل البيت) أي نساء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم (ويطهركم) منه (تطهيرا).
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                                                                                                                                                                              «واذكرن ما يتلى في بيوتكن من آيات الله» القرآن «والحكمة» السنة «إن الله كان لطيفا» بأوليائه «خبيرا» بجميع خلقه.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «إن المسلمين والمسلمات والمؤمنين والمؤمنات والقانتين والقانتات» المطيعات «والصادقين والصادقات» في الإيمان «والصابرين والصابرات» على الطاعات «والخاشعين» المتواضعين «والخاشعات والمتصدقين والمتصدقات والصائمين والصائمات والحافظين فروجهم والحافظات» عن الحرام «والذاكرين الله كثيرا والذاكرات أعد الله لهم مغفرة» للمعاصي «وأجرا عظيما» على الطاعات.
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                                                                                                                                                                              (وما كان لمؤمن ولا مؤمنة إذا قضي الله ورسوله أمرا أن تكون) بالتاء والياء (لهم الخيرة) أي الاختيار (من أمرهم) خلاف أمر الله ورسوله، نزلت في عبد الله بن جحش وأخته زينب خطبها النبي لزيد بن حارثة فكرها ذلك حين علما لظنهما قبل أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم خطبها لنفسه ثم رضيا للآية (ومن يعص الله ورسوله فقد ضل ضلالا مبينا) بينا فزوجها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لزيد ثم وقع بصره عليها بعد حين فوقع في نفسه حبها وفي نفس زيد كراهتها، ثم قال للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أريد فراقها فقال: "أمسك عليك زوجك" كما قال تعالى:
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                                                                                                                                                                              «وإذ» منصوب باذكر «تقول للذي أنعم الله عليه» بالإسلام «وأَنعمت عليه» بالإعتاق وهو زيد بن حارثة كان من سبي الجاهلية اشتراه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قبل البعثة وأعتقه وتبناه «أمسك عليك زوجك واتق الله» في أمر طلاقها «وتخفي في نفسك ما الله مبديه» مظهره من محبتها وأن لو فارقها زيد تزوجتها «وتخشى الناس» أن يقولوا تزوج زوجة ابنه «والله أحق أن تخشاه» في كل شيء وتزوجها ولا عليك من قول الناس، ثم طلقها زيد وانقضت عدتها قال تعالى: «فلما قضى زيد منها وطرا» حاجة «زوجناكها» فدخل عليها النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بغير إذن وأشبع المسلمين خبزا ولحما «لكي لا يكون على المؤمنين حرج في أزواج أدعيائهم إذا قضوْا منهن وطرا وكان أمر الله» مقضيه «مفعولا».
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                                                                                                                                                                              «ما كان على النبي من حرج فيما فرض» أحل «الله له سنة الله» أي كسنة الله فنصب بنزع الخافض «في الذين خلوْا من قبل» من الأنبياء أن لا حرج عليهم في ذلك توسعة لهم في النكاح «وكان أمر الله» فعله «قدرا مقدورا» مقضيا.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «الذين» نعت للذين قبله «يبلغون رسالات الله ويخشونه ولا يخشون أحدا إلا الله» فلا يخشون مقالة الناس فيما أحل الله لهم «وكفى بالله حسيبا» حافظا لأعمال خلقه ومحاسبهم.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «ما كان محمد أبا أحد من رجالكم» فليس أبا زيد: أي والده فلا يحرم عليه التزوج بزوجته زينب «ولكن» كان «رسول الله وخاتِم النبيين» فلا يكون له ابن رجل بعده يكون نبيا، وفي قراءة بفتح التاء كآلة الختم: أي به ختموا «وكان الله بكل شيءٍ عليما» منه بأن لا نبيّ بعده وإذا نزل السيد عيسى يحكم بشريعته.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يا أيها الذين آمنوا اذكروا الله ذكرا كثيرا».
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                                                                                                                                                                              «وسبحوه بكرةً وأصيلا» أول النهار وآخره.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «هو الذي يصلي عليكم» أي يرحمكم «وملائكته» يستغفرون لكم «ليخرجكم» ليديم إخراجه إياكم «من الظلمات» أي الكفر «إلى النور» أي الإيمان «وكان بالمؤمنين رحيما».
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                                                                                                                                                                              «تحيتهم» منه تعالى «يوم يلقوْنه سلام» بلسان الملائكة «وأعد لهم أجرا كريما» هو الجنة.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يا أيها النبي إنا أرسلناك شاهدا» على من أرسلت إليهم «ومبشرا» من صدقك بالجنة «ونذيرا» منذرا من كذبك بالنار.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «وداعيا إلى الله» إلى طاعته «بإذنه» بأمره «وسراجا منيرا» أي مثله في الاهتداء به.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «وبشّر المؤمنين بأن لهم من الله فضلا كبيرا» هو الجنة.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «ولا تطع الكافرين والمنافقين» فيما يخالف شريعتك «ودع» اترك «أذاهم» لا تجازهم عليه إلى أن تؤمر فيهم بأمر «وتوكل على الله» فهو كافيك «وكفى بالله وكيلا» مفوضا إليه.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا نكحتم المؤمنات ثم طلقتموهن من قبل أن تمسوهن» وفي قراءة تماسوهنَّ، أي تجامعوهنَّ «فما لكم عليهن من عدة تعتدونها» تحصونها بالأقراء وغيرها «فمتعوهن» أعطوهن ما يستمتعن به، أي إن لم يسم لهن أصدقة وإلا فلهن نصف المسمى فقط، قاله ابن عباس وعليه الشافعي «وسرّحوهن سراحا جميلا» خلوا سبيلهن من غير إضرار.
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                                                                                                                                                                              يا أيها النبي إنا أحللنا لك أزواجك اللاتي آتيت أجورهن» مهورهن «وما ملكت يمينك مما أفاء الله عليك» من الكفار بالسبي كصفية وجويرية «وبنات عمك وبنات عماتك وبنات خالك وبنات خالاتك اللاتي هاجرن معك» بخلاف من لم يهاجرن «وامرأةً مؤمنة إن وهبت نفسها للنبي إن أراد النبي أن يستنكحها» يطلب نكاحها بغير صداق «خالصة لك من دون المؤمنين» النكاح بلفظ الهبة من غير صداق «قد علمنا ما فرضنا عليهم» أي المؤمنين «في أزواجهم» من الأحكام بأن لا يزيدوا على أربع نسوة ولا يتزوجوا إلا بوليٍّ وشهود ومهر «و» في «ما ملكت أيمانهم» من الإماء بشراء وغيره بأن تكون الأمة ممن تحل لمالكها كالكتابية بخلاف المجوسية والوثنية وأن تستبرأ قبل الوطء «لكيلا» متعلق بما قبل ذلك «يكون عليك حرج» ضيق في النكاح «وكان الله غفورا» فيما يَعسر التحرز عنه «رحيما» بالتوسعة في ذلك.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «ترجئ» بالهمزة والياء بدله تؤخر «من تشاء منهنَّ» أي أزواجك عن نوبتها «وتؤوي» تضم «إليك من تشاء» منهن فتأتيها «ومن ابتغيت» طلبت «ممن عزلت» من القسمة «فلا جُناح عليك» في طلبها وضمها إليك خُيِّر في ذلك بعد أن كان القسم واجبا عليه «ذلك» التخيير «أدنى» أقرب إلى «أن تقرَّ أعينهنَّ ولا يحزن ويرضين بما آتيتهن» ما ذكر المخيّر فيه «كلهن» تأكيد للفاعل في يرضين «والله يعلم ما في قلوبكم» من أمر النساء والميل إلى بعضهن، وإنما خيَّرناك فيهن تيسيرا عليك في كل ما أردت «وكان الله عليما» بخلقه «حليما» عن عقابهم.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «لا تحل» بالتاء وبالياء «لك النساء من بعد» التسع اللاتي اخترنك «ولا أن تبدل» بترك إحدى التاءين في الأصل «بهن من أزواج» بأن تطلقهن أو بعضهن وتنكح بدل من طلقت «ولو أعجبك حسنهن إلا ما ملكت يمينك» من الإماء فتحل لك وقد ملك صلى الله عليه وسلم بعدهن مارية وولدت له إبراهيم ومات في حياته «وكان الله على شيءٍ رقيبا» حفيظا.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تدخلوا بيوت النبي إلا أن يؤذن لكم» في الدخول بالدعاء «إلى طعام» فتدخلوا «غير ناظرين» منتظرين «إناه» نضجه مصدر أنى يأنى «ولكن إذا دعيتم فادخلوا فإذا طعمتم فانتشروا ولا» تمكثوا «مستأنسين لحديث» من بعضكم لبعض «إن ذلكم» المكث «كان يؤذي النبي فيستحيي منكم» أن يخرجكم «والله لا يستحيي من الحق» أن يخرجكم، أي لا يترك بيانه، وقرئ يستحي بياء واحدة «وإذا سألتموهن» أي أزواج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم «متاعا فاسألوهن من وراء حجابٍ» ستر «ذلكم أطهر لقلوبكم وقلوبهن» من الخواطر المريبة «وما كان لكم أن تؤذوا رسول الله» بشيء «ولا أن تنكحوا أزواجه من بعده أبدا إن ذلكم كان عند الله» ذنبا «عظيما».
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                                                                                                                                                                              «إن تبدوا شيئا أو تخفوه» من نكاحهنَّ بعده «فإن الله كان بكل شيءٍ عليماً» فيجازيكم عليه.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «لا جناح عليهنَّ في آبائهن ولا أبنائهن ولا إخوانهن ولا أبناء إخوانهن ولا أبناء أخواتهن ولا نسائهن» أي المؤمنات «ولا ما ملكت أيمانهن» من الإماء والعبيد أن يروهن ويكلموهن من غير حجاب «واتقين الله» فيما أمرتن به «إن الله كان على كل شيءٍ شهيدا» لا يخفى عليه شيء.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «إن الله وملائكته يصلُّون على النبي» محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم «يا أيها الذين آمنوا صلوا عليه وسلموا تسليماً» أي قولوا: اللهم صل على سيدنا محمد وسلم.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «إن الذين يؤذون الله ورسوله» وهم الكفار يصفون الله بما هو منزه عنه من الولد والشريك ويكذبون رسوله «لعنهم الله في الدنيا والآخرة» أبعدهم «وأعدَّ لهم عذاباً مهيناً» ذا إهانة وهو النار.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «والذين يؤذون المؤمنين والمؤمنات بغير ما اكتسبوا» يرمونهم بغير ما عملوا «فقد احتملوا بهتانا» تحملوا كذبا «وإثما مبينا» بيِّنا.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يا أيها النبي قل لأزواجك وبناتك ونساء المؤمنين يدنين عليهن من جلابيبهن» جمع جلباب وهي الملاءة التي تشتمل بها المرأة، أي يرخين بعضها على الوجوه إذا خرجن لحاجتهن إلا عينا واحدة «ذلك أدنى» أقرب إلى «أن يعرفن» بأنهن حرائر «فلا يؤذين» بالتعرض لهن بخلاف الإماء فلا يغطين وجوههن، فكان المنافقون يتعرضون لهم «وكان الله غفورا» لما سلف منهن من ترك الستر «رحيما» بهن إذ سترهن.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «لئن» لام قسم «لم ينته المنافقون» عن نفاقهم «والذين في قلوبهم مرض» بالزنا «والمرجفون في المدينة» المؤمنين بقولهم قد أتاكم العدو وسراياكم قتلوا أو هزموا «لنغرينك بهم» لنسلطنك عليهم «ثم لا يجاورونك» يساكنوك «فيها إلا قليلا» ثم يخرجون.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «ملعونين» مبعدين عن الرحمة «أينما ثقفوا» وجدوا «أخذوا وقتِّلوا تقتيلا» أي الحكم فيهم هذا على جهة الأمر به.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «سُنَّة الله» أي سنَّ الله ذلك «في الذين خلوْا من قبل» من الأمم الماضية في منافقيهم المرجفين المؤمنين «ولن تجد لسنة الله تبديلا» منه.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يسألك الناس» أهل مكة «عن الساعة» متى تكون «قل إنما علمها عند الله وما يدريك» يعلمك بها: أي أنت لا تعلمها «لعلَّ الساعة تكون» توجد «قريبا».
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                                                                                                                                                                              «إن الله لعن الكافرين» أبعدهم «وأعدَّ لهم سعيرا» نارا شديدة يدخلونها.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «خالدين» مقدرا خلودهم «فيها أبدا لا يجدون وليا» يحفظهم عنها «ولا نصيرا» يدفعها عنهم.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يوم تُقلب وجوههم في النار يقولون يا» للتنبيه «ليتنا أطعنا الله وأطعنا الرسولا».
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                                                                                                                                                                              «وقالوا» أي الأتباع منهم «ربنا إنا أطعنا سادتنا» وفي قراءة ساداتنا، جمع الجمع «وكبراءنا فأضلونا السبيلا» طريق الهدى.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «ربنا آتهم ضعفين من العذاب» أي مثليْ عذابنا «والعنهم» عذبهم «لعنا كثيرا» عدده، وفي قراءة بالموحدة، أي عظيماً.
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                                                                                                                                                                              (يا أيها الذين آمنوا لا تكونوا) مع نبيكم (كالذين آذوا موسى) بقولهم مثلا: ما يمنعه أن يغتسل معنا إلا أنه آذر (فبرأه الله مما قالوا) بأن وضع ثوبه على حجر ليغتسل ففر الحجر به حتى وقف بين ملأ من بني إسرائيل فأدركه موسى فأخذ ثوبه فاستتر به فرأوه ولا أدرة به وهي نفخة في الخصية (وكان عند الله وجيها) ذا جاه: ومما أوذي به نبينا صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قسم قسما فقال رجل هذه قسمة ما أريد بها وجه الله تعالى، فغضب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من ذلك وقال: "يرحم الله موسى لقد أوذي بأكثر من هذا فصبر" رواه البخاري.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وقولوا قوْلا سديدا» صوابا.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «يصلح لكم أعمالكم» يتقبلها «ويغفر لكم ذنوبكم ومن يطع الله ورسوله فقد فاز فوزا عظيما» نال غاية مطلوبة.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «إنا عرضنا الأمانة» الصلوات وغيرهما مما في فعلها من الثواب وتركها من العقاب «على السماوات والأرض والجبال» بأن خلق فيهما فهما ونطقا «فأبين أن يحملنها وأشفقن» خفن «منها وحملها الإنسان» آدم بعد عرضها عليه «إنه كان ظلوما» لنفسه بما حمله «جهولا» به.
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                                                                                                                                                                              «ليعذب الله» اللام متعلقة بعرضنا المترتب عليه حمل آدم «المنافقين والمنافقات والمشركين والمشركات» المضيعين الأمانة «ويتوب الله على المؤمنين والمؤمنات» المؤدين الأمانة «وكان الله غفورا» للمؤمنين «رحيما» بهم.
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