سورة الجمعة
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
1
يُسَبِّحُ لِلَّهِ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ
الْمَلِكِ الْقُدُّوسِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ
2
هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الْأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولًا مِّنْهُمْ يَتْلُو
عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَإِن
كَانُوا مِن قَبْلُ لَفِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ
3
وَآخَرِينَ مِنْهُمْ لَمَّا يَلْحَقُوا بِهِمْ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ
الْحَكِيمُ
4
ذَلِكَ فَضْلُ اللَّهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَن يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ
الْعَظِيمِ
5
مَثَلُ الَّذِينَ حُمِّلُوا التَّوْرَاةَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهَا
كَمَثَلِ الْحِمَارِ يَحْمِلُ أَسْفَارًا بِئْسَ مَثَلُ الْقَوْمِ الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا
بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ
6
قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ هَادُوا إِن زَعَمْتُمْ أَنَّكُمْ
أَوْلِيَاءُ لِلَّهِ مِن دُونِ النَّاسِ فَتَمَنَّوُا الْمَوْتَ إِن كُنتُمْ
صَادِقِينَ
7
وَلَا يَتَمَنَّوْنَهُ أَبَدًا بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَاللَّهُ
عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ
8
قُلْ إِنَّ الْمَوْتَ الَّذِي تَفِرُّونَ مِنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ
مُلَاقِيكُمْ ثُمَّ تُرَدُّونَ إِلَى عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ فَيُنَبِّئُكُم
بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ
9
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ
الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ
لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
10
فَإِذَا قُضِيَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَانتَشِرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَابْتَغُوا
مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا لَّعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ
11
وَإِذَا رَأَوْا تِجَارَةً أَوْ لَهْوًا انفَضُّوا إِلَيْهَا
وَتَرَكُوكَ قَائِمًا قُلْ مَا عِندَ اللَّهِ خَيْرٌ مِّنَ اللَّهْوِ وَمِنَ
التِّجَارَةِ وَاللَّهُ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ
Le vendredi (Al-Jumua)
1
Ce qui est dans les cieux et ce qui est sur la terre glorifient
Allah, le Souverain, le Pur, le Puissant, le Sage.
2
C’est Lui qui a envoyé à des gens sans Livre (les Arabes) un
Messager des leurs qui leur récite Ses versets, les purifie et leur enseigne le
Livre et la Sagesse, bien qu’ils étaient auparavant dans un égarement
évident,
3
ainsi qu’à d’autres parmi ceux qui ne les ont pas encore
rejoints. C’est Lui le Puissant, le Sage.
4
Telle est la grâce d’Allah qu’Il donne à qui Il veut. Et Allah
est le Détenteur de l’énorme grâce.
5
Ceux qui ont été chargés de la Thora mais qui ne l’ont pas
appliquée sont pareils à l’âne qui porte des livres. Quel mauvais exemple que
celui de ceux qui traitent de mensonges les versets d’Allah et Allah ne guide
pas les gens injustes.
6
Dis : « O vous qui pratiquez le judaïsme ! Si vous prétendez être
les bien-aimés d’Allah à l’exclusion des autres, souhaitez, donc la mort, si
vous êtes véridiques ».
7
Or, ils ne la souhaiteront jamais, à cause de ce que leurs mains
ont préparé. Allah cependant connaît bien les injustes.
8
Dis : « La mort que vous fuyez va certes vous rencontrer. Ensuite
vous serez ramenés à Celui qui connaît parfaitement le monde Invisible et le
monde visible et qui vous informera alors de ce que vous faisiez ».
9
O vous qui avez cru ! Quand on appelle à la Salât du jour du
Vendredi, accourez à l’invocation d’Allah et laissez tout négoce. Cela est bien
meilleur pour vous, si vous saviez !
10
Puis quand la Salât est achevée, dispersez-vous sur terre et
recherchez [quelque effet] de la grâce d’Allah, et invoquez beaucoup Allah afin
que vous réussissiez.
11
Quand ils entrevoient quelque commerce ou quelque
divertissement, ils s’y dispersent et te laissent debout. Dis : « Ce qui est
auprès d’Allah est bien meilleur que le divertissement et le commerce, et Allah
est le Meilleur des pourvoyeurs ».
Sourate LXII.
Le Vendredi.
(Al-Jumu‛a.)
Propos liminaire du traducteur
Titre tiré du vt. 9 ; v. la note.
Cette sourate est unanimement considérée comme médinoise. Elle reflète le
même ordre de préoccupations que certaines parties de la sourate II ;
elle est, en tout ou en partie, voisine de la rupture avec les Juifs de
Médine.
Au nom d’Allah, le Bienfaiteur miséricordieux.
1
▶
Note [édition originale] : Sur ce
début, v. notice sur sourate LXIV. ǁ al-Quddûsi « le
Très Saint ». Cet appellatif n’apparaît que deux fois dans le Coran ;
l’expression le Roi, le Très
Saint rappelle celle du Psaume lxxxix, 19 we-li-Qedôš Israël malke-nû « le
Très Saint d’Israël est notre roi ».
2
▶
Note [édition originale] : Les Gentils. V. Introd.,
7 sq.
3
▶
Note [édition originale] : Il n’est pas douteux qu’on a ici
une insertion ultérieure. Cette addition vise les Polythéistes de la Mekke
et d’ailleurs, mais pas les Juifs de Médine.
4
5
▶
Note [édition originale] : Ce vt. vise nettement les Juifs médinois qui se
sont, selon le Coran, écartés de l’enseignement d’Abraham. — Ne s’en chargèrent point = n’en assumèrent pas le
respect.
6
7
8
▶
Note [édition originale] : Qui connaît l’Inconnaissable
et le Témoignage, v. sourate LXIV, 18 et la note.
9
▶
Note [édition originale] : min yawmi l-jumu‛ati
« le vendredi ». Text. : le Jour de la Réunion. Le vendredi est ainsi nommé,
en arabe, parce que c’est le jour où a lieu la Prière en commun, à la
mosquée, prescrite par ce texte coranique.
10
▶
Note [édition originale] : En tous
lieux. Text. : sur la terre. L’expression, dans le Coran, semble
signifier : Dispersez-vous ! ǁ Recherchez etc. =
livrez-vous à des opérations lucratives.
11
Congregation
1
All that is in the heavens and the earth magnifies God, the King, the All-holy, the All-mighty, the All-wise.
2
It is He who has raised up from among the common people a Messenger from among them, to recite His signs to them and to purify them, and to teach them the Book and the Wisdom, though before that they were in manifest error,
3
and others of them who have not yet joined them. And He is the All-mighty, the All-wise.
4
That is the bounty of God; He gives it to whom He will, and God is of bounty abounding.
5
The likeness of those who have been loaded with the Torah then they have not carried it, is as the likeness of an ass carrying books. Evil is the likeness of the people who have cried lies to God's signs. God guides never the people of the evildoers.
6
Say: 'You of Jewry, if you assert that you are the friends of God, apart from other men, then do you long for death, if you speak truly.'
7
But they will never long for it, because of that their hands have forwarded; God knows the evildoers.
8
Say: 'Surely death, from which you flee, shall encounter you; then you shall be returned to the Knower of the Unseen and the Visible, and He will tell you that you have been doing.'
9
O believers, when proclamation is made for prayer on the Day of Congregation, hasten to God's remembrance and leave trafficking aside; that is better for you, did you but know.
10
Then, when the prayer is finished, scatter in the land and seek God's bounty, and remember God frequently; haply you will prosper.
11
But when they see merchandise or diversion they scatter off to it, and they leave thee standing. Say: 'What is with God is better than diversion and merchandise. God is the best of providers.'"
The Congregation
1
All that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth glorifieth Allah, the Sovereign Lord, the Holy One, the Mighty, the Wise.
2
He it is Who hath sent among the unlettered ones a messenger of their own, to recite unto them His revelations and to make them grow, and to teach them the Scripture and wisdom, though heretofore they were indeed in error manifest,
3
Along with others of them who have not yet joined them. He is the Mighty, the Wise.
4
That is the bounty of Allah; which He giveth unto whom He will. Allah is of Infinite Bounty.
5
The likeness of those who are entrusted with the Law of Moses, yet apply it not, is as the likeness of the ass carrying books. Wretched is the likeness of folk who deny the revelations of Allah. And Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk.
6
Say (O Muhammad): O ye who are Jews! If ye claim that ye are favoured of Allah apart from (all) mankind, then long for death if ye are truthful.
7
But they will never long for it because of all that their own hands have sent before, and Allah is Aware of evil-doers.
8
Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Lo! the death from which ye shrink will surely meet you, and afterward ye will be returned unto the Knower of the Invisible and the Visible, and He will tell you what ye used to do.
9
O ye who believe! When the call is heard for the prayer of the day of congregation, haste unto remembrance of Allah and leave your trading. That is better for you if ye did but know.
10
And when the prayer is ended, then disperse in the land and seek of Allah's bounty, and remember Allah much, that ye may be successful.
11
But when they spy some merchandise or pastime they break away to it and leave thee standing. Say: That which Allah hath is better than pastime and than merchandise, and Allah is the Best of providers.
CHAP. LXII.
Intitled, The Assembly; revealed at Medina.
In the name of the most merciful God.
1
2
a
, to rehearse his signs unto them, and to purify them,
and to teach them the scriptures and wisdom; whereas before they were
certainly in a manifest error;
Note [édition originale] : See the Prelim. Disc. §. II. p. 42.
3
4
5
b
. How
wretched is the likeness of the people who charge the signs of God with
falsehood! and God directeth not the unjust people.
Note [édition originale] : As the likeness of an ass laden with books;] Because they understand not the prophecies contained in the law,
which bear witness to Mohammed, no more than the ass does the books he
carries.
6
c
, if ye speak truth.
Note [édition originale] : With for death;] i.e. Make it your request to God that he would translate you from
this troublesome world to a state of never-fading bliss.
7
d
: and God well knoweth the unjust.
Note [édition originale] : See chap. 2. p. 12.
8
9
a
,
hasten to the commemoration of God and leave merchandising. This will be
better for you, if you knew it.
Note [édition originale] : The day of the assembly;] That is, Friday, which being more peculiarly set apart by Mohammed
for the public worship of God, is therefore called Yawm al jomá, i.e. the day
of the assembly or congregation; whereas before it was called al Arûba. The
first time this day was particularly observed, as some say, was on the
prophet’s arrival at Medina, into which city he made his first entry on a
Friday: but others tell us that Caab Ebn Lowa, one of Mohammed’s ancestors,
gave the day its present name, because on that day the people used to be
assembled before him1.
One reason given for the observation of Friday,
preferably to any other day of the week, is because on that day God finished
the creation2.
- 1 Al Beidawi.
- 2 V. Gol. in Alfrag. p. 15.
10
b
: and remember God frequently,
that ye may prosper.
Note [édition originale] : And seek gain of the liberality of God;]
By returning to your commerce and worldly occupations, if ye think fit:
for the Mohammedans do not hold themselves obliged to observe the day of their
public assembly with the same strictness as the Christians and Jews do their
respective Sabbath; or particularly to abstain from work, after they have
performed their devotions. Some, however, from a tradition of their prophet,
are of opinion that works of charity, and religious exercises, which may draw
down the blessing of God, are recommended in this passage.
11
c
. Say, The reward which is with God is
better than any sport or merchandise: and God is the best provider.
Note [édition originale] : When they see any merchandising, or sport, &c.]
It is related that one Friday, while Mohammed was preaching, a
caravan of merchants happened to arrive with their drums beating, according to
custom; which the congregation hearing, they all ran out of the Mosque to see
them, except twelve only3.
- 3 Al Beidawi, Jallal.
ГЛАВА О СОБОРЕ .
СОДЕРЖИТ
ЕДИНОНАДЕСЯТЬ
СТИХОВ , ПИСАННЫХ
В
МЕДИНЕ .
Во имя бога щедраго, и 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
SURA LXII. CONVENTUS. MEDINENSIS : COMMATUM UNDECIM.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
▶
Note [édition originale] :
NOTÆ.
Inscribitur Sura الجمعة , Conventus, seu Congregatio, quæ vox
habetur versu nono, & accipitur apud Mahumetanos pro feria sexta,
seu die Veneris, in qua, utpotè apud ipsos festiva, conveniunt in
Meschitis suis ad publicas preces. Medinensis à plerisque existimatur :
non desunt tamen, qui Meccanam esse malint. Qui legerit hanc Suram اعطى من الاجر عشر حسنات بعدد من اتى لم ياتها في امصار المسلمين
Donabitur decem bonis juxta numerum eorum,
qui venerint, & eorum etiam, qui non venerint ad preces feriæ
sextæ in regionibus Moslemorum.
V. Similitudo eorum, quibus, &c. ] Quia nimirùm, sicut asinus
portat libros ad utilitatem aliorum, absque eo, quòd ipse eos
intelligat, vel iis utatur, ita Judæi habent libros Sacros, non ad suam,
sed aliorum utilitatem : nam vaticinia, quæ sunt in illis de Mahumeto,
vel ipsi non intelligunt, vel nolunt intelligere, quamvis à Mahumetanis
optimè intelligantur ; ut ipsi sibi persuadent.
VI. O, qui sunt Judæi. ] Refugiebant scilicet Judæi pugnare cum
Mahumeto pro tuenda (ut ipse mentiebatur) Religione Dei, cujus tamen se
amicos jactabant, ne in bello occiderentur, & mortem subirent, quam
tamen, si erant verè amici Dei, appetere debebant, præsertim cùm illam
alioqui non essent effugituri.
XI. Sed, cùm viderint mercaturam. ] Hæc dicuntur, quia, ut ait
Gelal : كان ص يخطب يوم جمعة فقدمت عير وضربت لقدومها الطبل على العادة فخرج لها الناس من المسجد غير
اثنا عشر رجلا
concionabatur Mahumetus quadam die
Veneris, veneruntque eo tempore mercatores, & pulsatum fuit de
more tympanum ad adventum eorum. Exierunt autem ad eos videndos
omnes, qui erant in Meschita, præter duodecim.
▶
Note [édition originale] :
REFUTATIONES.
I. Prosilit Mahumetus à laudibus
Dei ad laudes suas. Jactat missum se Legatum ad Idiotas, Arabes scilicet
contribules, & cognatos suos, ut eos per Alcoranum erudiret, ac
sapientes efficeret. Verùm, cùm ipse quoque esset idiota (nam inter ejus
nomina præcipuum est النبي الامي ,
Propheta Idiota) quomodò poterat alios Idiotas eruditos, ac sapientes
efficere ? Hoc nimirùm nihil aliud erat, quàm asinum asinos docere. At
enim Alcorani libro ad inscitiæ suæ subsidium utebatur. Dignum certè
patella operculum, talis quippè est Liber Alcorani, ut ejus lectione
posset stultos potiùs, quàm doctos, aut sapientes Idiotas, efficere.
II. Injusta prorsùs est
contumelia, qua Mahumetus afficit Judæos. Esto enim alio ex capite
conveniat illis similitudo asinorum libros portantium, qua etiam S.
Augustinus, ni fallor, usus est : nulla tamen ratione illi convenit,
quòd in sacris libris, quos habent, vaticinia de Mahumeto non agnoscant,
immò prorsùs negent, & mendacissimum illum proclament. Quamobrem ab
hac Mahumeti calumnia sunt omninò Judæi absolvendi.
III. Iterum in miseros Judæos
invehitur, eo, quòd nollent secum contra ipsius hostes pugnare. Nihil
peccabant illi in hoc : immò justè, prudenterque se gerebant, cùm
hominem prædonem in latrociniis, ac rapinis adjuvare recusarent. Neque
eos, vel tantillum movebant frivolæ hominis rationes. Nam, etiamsi amici
Dei non essent, quales se faciebant ; agnoscebant tamen, ne amicos
quidem Dei debere se temerè, & pro iniusta causa tuenda, morti
exponere, quamvis aliquandò tandem ex necessitate naturæ moriendum sit.
LE CHAPITRE DE L’ASSEMBLÉE contenant unze
versets, escrit
à la Medine.
1
2
3
4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
In nome di Dio
misericordioso,
e Pio
CAPITOLO
XLIIII.
1
2
▼
il qual tra ignoranti ha
●
ilquale
Note [Coran 12-21, MB] :
Dans le texte latin, ce sont les « inscii » (les « ignoranti ») qui ne savent pas lire ni écrire ; dans la traduction italienne, en revanche, c’est le Prophète. Or, la note marginale qui commente ce passage dans l’édition italienne s’avère plus cohérente avec le texte latin qu’avec le texte italien.
Dans le texte latin, ce sont les « inscii » (les « ignoranti ») qui ne savent pas lire ni écrire ; dans la traduction italienne, en revanche, c’est le Prophète. Or, la note marginale qui commente ce passage dans l’édition italienne s’avère plus cohérente avec le texte latin qu’avec le texte italien.
3
4
5
▼
Quelli
à
quali
Correction de : E’leʃʃempio
6
7
8
9
10
11
AZOARA LXXII.
1
2
▼
* qui scribendi
legendique simul insciis nuncium ex semetipsis excitauit, qui eis
prius erroneis uiam rectam, et librum ac discretionem, diuinaque
praecepta patefaciens, benedicet illos,
Note [édition originale] :
* Machumet ex ignaris literarum excitatus.
3
4
5
▼
Illi quidem,
quibus testamentum portatum misimus, ipsique minime tulerunt,
assimilantur asino librorum latori. Eorum enim incredulorum,
diuinisque praeceptis contradicentium, exemplum pessimum habetur
coram Deo, illos nunquam in uiam rectam directuro.
Note [édition originale] :
Iudaei conferuntur asino gestanti libros.
6
▼
O Iudaei, si uerum sit quod dicitis,
uos scilicet penitus Deo deuotos et adhaerentes esse, nil tractantes
de hominibus, cur mortem summopere non optatis ?
Note [édition originale] :
Mors bonis optanda.
7
8
9
▶
Quando die ueneris oratum uocatur,
omnis bonus forum atque negotium dimittat, et Deum inuocatum eat.
Hoc enim est optimum, si sapitis.
Note [édition originale] :
Feriis quid agere fas sit.
10
11
سورة الجمعة
1
«يسبح لله» ينزهه فاللام زائدة «ما في السماوات وما في الأرض» في ذكر ما تغليب للأكثر «الملك القدوس» المنزه عما لا يليق به «العزيز الحكيم» في ملكه وصنعه.
2
«هو الذي بعث في الأميين» العرب، والأمي: من لا يكتب ولا يقرأ كتابا «رسولا منهم» هو محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم «يتلو عليهم آياته» القرآن «ويزكيهم» يطهرهم من الشرك «ويعلمهم الكتاب» القرآن «والحكمة» ما فيه من الأحكام «وإن» مخففة من الثقيلة واسمها محذوف، أي وإنهم «كانوا من قبل» قبل مجيئه «لفي ضلال مبين» بيّن.
3
«وآخرون» عطف على الأميين، أي الموجودين «منهم» والآتين منهم بعدهم «لما» لم «يلحقوا بهم» في السابقة والفضل «وهو العزيز الحكيم» في ملكه وصنعه وهم التابعون والإقتصار عليهم كاف في بيان فضل الصحابة المبعوث فيهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم على من عداهم ممن بعث إليهم وآمنوا به من جميع الإنس والجن إلى يوم القيامة لأن كل قرن خير ممن يليه.
4
«ذلك فضل الله يؤتيه من يشاء» النبي ومن ذكر معه «والله ذو الفضل العظيم».
5
«مثل الذين حملوا التوراة» كلفوا العمل بها «ثم لم يحملوها» لم يعملوا بما فيها من نعته صلى الله عليه وسلم فلم يؤمنوا به «كمثل الحمار يحمل أسفارا» أي كتبا في عدم انتفاعه بها «بئس مثل القوم الذين كذبوا بآيات الله» المصدقة للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم والمخصوص بالذم محذوف تقديره هذا المثل «والله لا يهدي القوم الظالمين» الكافرين.
6
«قل يا أيها الذين هادوا إن زعمتم أنكم أولياء لله من دون الناس فتمنوا الموت إن كنتم صادقين» تعلق بتمنوا الشرطان على أن الأول قيد في الثاني، أي إن صدقتم في زعمكم أنكم أولياء لله، والولي يؤثر الآخرة ومبدؤها الموت فتمنوه.
7
«ولا يتمنوْنه أبدا بما قدمت أيديهم» من كفرهم بالنبي المستلزم لكذبهم «والله عليم بالظالمين» الكافرين.
8
«قل إن الموت الذي تفرون منه فإنه» الفاء زائدة «ملاقيكم ثم تردون إلى عالم الغيب والشهادة» السر والعلانية «فينبئكم بما كنتم تعملون» فيجازيكم به.
9
«يا أيها الذين آمنوا إذا نودي للصلاة من» بمعني في «يوم الجمعة فاسعوْا» فامضوا «إلى ذكر الله» للصلاة «وذروا البيع» اتركوا عقده «ذلكم خير لكم إن كنتم تعلمون» أنه خير فافعلوه.
10
«فإذا قضيت الصلاة فانتشروا في الأرض» أمر إباحة «وابتغوا» اطلبوا الرزق «من فضل الله واذكروا الله» ذكرا «كثيرا لعلكم تفلحون» تفوزون، كان صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب يوم الجمعة فقدمت عير وضرب لقدومها الطبل على العادة فخرج لها الناس من المسجد إلا اثني عشر رجلا فنزلت.
11
«وإذا رأوا تجارةً أو لهوا انفضوا إليها» أي التجارة لأنها مطلوبهم دون اللهو «وتركوك» في الخطبة «قائما قل ما عند الله» من الثواب «خير» للذين آمنوا «من اللهو ومن التجارة والله خير الرازقين» يقال: كل إنسان يرزق عائلته، أي من رزق الله تعالى.